ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Memory Enhancers for Alzheimer's Dementia: Focus on cGMP.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-human trial to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of zagociguat (CY6463), a CNS-penetrant soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator.Clinical and translational science · 2023Trial
- Novel drug treatments for schizophrenia.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Targeting of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction by vinpocetine in alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive appraisal.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Soluble guanylate cyclase deficiency drives retinal ganglion cell neurodegeneration with age in female mice through disrupted oxidative metabolism.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ecdysterone and High-Intensity Interval Training Mitigate Alzheimer's Pathology in Rats: Impacts on Depression, Synaptic Plasticity, and Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Review
- The Impact of the Exposome on Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Nutrition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP facilitates cAMP and cGMP signalling cross-talk by polyubiquitinating PDE9A.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Clinical Pharmacology of Vinpocetine: Properties Revisited and Introduction of a Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Its Metabolite, Apovincaminic Acid (AVA).Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Influence of Guanine-Based Purines on the Oxidoreductive Reactions Involved in Normal or Altered Brain Functions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D increases tau phosphorylation at Ser214 residue.BioFactors (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Circulating extracellular vesicle-containing microRNAs reveal potential pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Reversal of spatial memory impairment by phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and increased cerebral glucose uptake in aged male mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- PDE-Mediated Cyclic Nucleotide Compartmentation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: From Basic to a Clinical Perspective.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Review
- Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate, better known as cyclic-GMP or cGMP, is a classical second messenger involved in a variety of intracellular pathways ultimately controlling different physiological functions. The family of guanylyl cyclases that includes soluble and particulate enzymes, each of which comprises several isoforms with different mechanisms of activation, synthesizes cGMP. cGMP signaling is mainly executed by the activation of protein kinase G and cyclic nucleotide gated channels, whereas it is terminated by its hydrolysis to GMP operated by both specific and dual-substrate phosphodiesterases. In the central nervous system, cGMP has attracted the attention of neuroscientists especially for its key role in the synaptic plasticity phenomenon of long-term potentiation that is instrumental to memory formation and consolidation, thus setting off a "gold rush" for new drugs that could be effective for the treatment of cognitive deficits. In this article, we summarize the state of the art on the neurochemistry of the cGMP system and then review the pre-clinical and clinical evidence on the use of cGMP enhancers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. Although preclinical data demonstrates the beneficial effects of cGMP on cognitive deficits in AD animal models, the results of the clinical studies carried out to date are not conclusive. More trials with a dose-finding design on selected AD patient's cohorts, possibly investigating also combination therapies, are still needed to evaluate the clinical potential of cGMP enhancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.