ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Disposition of Phytocannabinoids, Their Acidic Precursors and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices of Healthy Individuals Treated with Vaporized Medical Cannabis.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04841993 (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Effects of a Standardized Cannabis Preparation in Healthy Adult Recreational Cannabis Users), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Effects of a Standardized Cannabis Preparation in Healthy Adult Recreational Cannabis Users
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative summary on the human pharmacokinetic properties of cannabidiol to accelerate scientific clinical application of cannabis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cannabidiol, Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and Their Metabolites in Healthy Adults After Administration by Multiple Routes.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Article
- The Development of Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents in the United States.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Determination of ΔForensic toxicology · 2024Article
- CBD and THC in Special Populations: Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Disposition of Hexahydrocannabinol Epimers and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices following a Single Administration of Smoked Hexahydrocannabinol: A Preliminary Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries: cross-country comparisons and international perspectives.Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy · 2022Article
- Acidic Cannabinoid Decarboxylation.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2022Review
- Cannabidiol, ∆Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Cannabis constituents interact at the drug efflux pump BCRP to markedly increase plasma cannabidiolic acid concentrations.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Cannabidiol and Its Metabolites in Serum of Patients with Resistant Epilepsy Treated with CBD Formulations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cannabinoid Interactions with Cytochrome P450 Drug Metabolism: a Full-Spectrum Characterization.The AAPS journal · 2021Article
- Acute Pharmacological Effects and Oral Fluid Biomarkers of the Synthetic Cannabinoid UR-144 and THC in Recreational Users.Biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inhalation by vaporization is a useful application mode for medical cannabis. In this study, we present the disposition of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), their acidic precursors, and their metabolites in serum, oral fluid, and urine together with the acute pharmacological effects in 14 healthy individuals treated with vaporized medical cannabis. THC and CBD peaked firstly in serum and then in oral fluid, with higher concentrations in the first biological matrices and consequent higher area under the curve AUCs. Acidic precursors Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) showed a similar time course profile but lower concentrations due to the fact that vaporization partly decarboxylated these compounds. All THC and CBD metabolites showed a later onset with respect to the parent compounds in the absorption phase and a slower decrease to baseline. In agreement with serum kinetics, THC-COOH-GLUC and 7-COOH-CBD were the significantly most excreted THC and CBD metabolites. The administration of vaporized medical cannabis induced prototypical effects associated with the administration of cannabis or THC in humans, with a kinetic trend overlapping that of parent compounds and metabolites in serum. The pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids, their precursors, and their metabolites in biological fluids of individuals treated with vaporized medical cannabis preparations showed a high interindividual variability as in the case of oral medical cannabis decoction and oil. Inhaled medical cannabis was absorbed into the organism earlier than decoction and oil. Cannabinoids reached higher systemic concentrations, also due to the fact that the acid precursors decarboxylated to parent cannabinoids at high temperatures, and consequently, the physiological and subjective effects occurred earlier and resulted with higher intensity. No serious adverse effects were observed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.