ArticleBrain sciences2021
Precision Medicine Care in ADHD: The Case for Neural Excitation and Inhibition.
Article in Brain sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neural excitation/inhibition imbalance and neurodevelopmental pathology in human copy number variant syndromes: a systematic review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Curcumin for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and preliminary behavioral investigation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- High-dose Vitamin-B6 reduces sensory over-responsivity.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Trial
- Prenatal stress, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, and ADHD risk: a hypothesis-driven perspective on psilocybin-induced neuroplasticity.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Relating ADHD to the aperiodic component of the EEG signal in both males and females across development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Region-specific cortico-striatal transcriptomic remodeling following early postnatal dopaminergic disturbance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Brain complexity in response to auditory stimulation improves evaluation of cerebral maturation in premature newborns.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Developmental trajectories of glutamate and the variable clinical course of ADHD in youth.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multimodal characterization of cortical hyperexcitability as a driver of cognitive decline in neurocognitive disorders: study protocol for the LENDÜLET Neurocognitive Research Project.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Physical Activity and Its Effects on Executive Functions and Brain Outcomes in Children: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Paired Pulse Suppression and Prepulse Inhibition in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Rethinking excitation/inhibition balance in the human brain.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Behavioural disorders and sleep problems in Sanfilippo syndrome: overlaps with some other conditions and importance indications.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Review
- Validation of L-type calcium channel blocker amlodipine as a novel ADHD treatment through cross-species analysis, drug-target Mendelian randomization, and clinical evidence from medical records.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Brain Complexity and Parametrization of Power Spectral Density in Children with Specific Language Impairment.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Aniracetam Ameliorates Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Behavior in Adolescent Mice.eNeuro · 2025Article
- EEG aperiodic dynamics from early through late childhood: Associations with ADHD, cognition, and development.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Novel pharmacological targets for GABAergic dysfunction in ADHD.Neuropharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Its core symptoms, including difficulties regulating attention, activity level, and impulses, appear in early childhood and can persist throughout the lifespan. Current pharmacological options targeting catecholamine neurotransmissions have effectively alleviated symptoms in some, but not all affected individuals, leaving clinicians to implement trial-and-error approach to treatment. In this review, we discuss recent experimental evidence from both preclinical and human studies that suggest imbalance of excitation/inhibition (E/I) in the fronto-striatal circuitry during early development may lead to enduring neuroanatomical abnormality of the circuitry, causing persistence of ADHD symptoms in adulthood. We propose a model of precision medicine care that includes E/I balance as a candidate biomarker for ADHD, development of GABA-modulating medications, and use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scalp electrophysiology methods to monitor the effects of treatments on shifting E/I balance throughout the lifespan.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.