ArticleAppetite2021
Parental stress, food parenting practices and child snack intake during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Appetite, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Variation of parental feeding practices during the COVID-2019 pandemic: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Challenges in Feeding Children Posed by the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review of Changes in Dietary Intake Combined with a Dietitian's Perspective.Current nutrition reports · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of a Virtual Home-Based Behavioral Intervention on Family Health and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Parental Perceived Stress and Its Association With Childhood Obesity in Spain: The PASOS Study.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- Interventions for positive parental feeding practices in low-income households: a scoping review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Children's diet quality: a mixed methods study on the role of domestic food environments in influencing food access during the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Population trends in dietary patterns in Spain before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Feeding Practices, Prenatal Oral Health Information, and Early Childhood Caries in Toddlers Born Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study from Hungary.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- When Routines Break: The Health Implications of Disrupted Daily Life.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
- Five-year trends in overweight and obesity among preschool children before and during the COVID-19 period: a retrospective repeated-measures analysis in Southwest China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Family stress and child BMIz during the COVID-19 pandemic: exploring the mediating effects of cortisol.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the daily routines and health behaviors of primary school children and their parents: what has changed with a pandemic?BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Unveiling COVID-19 lockdowns shaped the growth of Chinese preschool children.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Feeding Practices Used by Australian Parents of Young Children Living With Food Insecurity and Household Chaos.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- A longitudinal study of perceived stress, tangible social support, and gender on Mexican American parental feeding practices.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2025Article
- A qualitative exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and nutrition behaviours during the first 1000 days in Sri Lanka.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Psychological attributes and eating behaviors in 5- to 12-year-old children during periods of stress.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Observational
- Children's Nutrition, Eating Behavior, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Current psychiatry reports · 2024Review
- Trends in changes of family functioning during different phases of the pandemic - findings across four population-based surveys between 2020 to 2023 in Germany.BMC public health · 2024Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented disruptions to the lives of families. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pandemic-associated stress on food parenting practices including interactions surrounding snacks, and child diet.
methodsParents (N = 318) of 2-12-year old children completed a cross-sectional online survey assessing current COVID-19-specific stress, pre-COVID-19 stress, financial stress (e.g. food insecurity), food parenting practices, and child snack intake frequency. Structural Equation Modeling was used to model simultaneous paths of relationships and test direct and indirect effects.
resultsStress, including financial hardship, was higher compared with before the crisis. The majority of children had regular mealtimes and irregular snack times. Higher COVID-19-specific stress was associated with more non-nutritive use of food and snacks (e.g. emotional and instrumental feeding), but also more structure and positive interactions (e.g. eating with or engaging with child around mealtimes). Higher COVID-19-specific stress was also associated with greater child intake frequency of sweet and savory snacks, with some evidence for mediation by snack parenting practices.
conclusionOur findings indicate that stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may be linked to child snack intake with potential impacts on child obesity risk, and suggest several modifiable points of intervention within the family context.
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