ArticleCell metabolism2021
Hypothalamic detection of macronutrients via multiple gut-brain pathways.
Article in Cell metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain responses to nutrients are severely impaired and not reversed by weight loss in humans with obesity: a randomized crossover study.Nature metabolism · 2023Trial
- Metabolic and neural responses to ultraprocessed foods: a randomized, controlled, crossover study.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- A hypothalamic circuit links hunger to mesolimbic dopamine to drive feeding.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Whole-brain, all-optical interrogation of neuronal dynamics underlying gut and vascular interoception in zebrafish.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- The critical role of gut-brain signalling in eating behaviour and obesity.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Hypothalamus-Peripheral Organ Crosstalk in Energy Metabolism: A Bidirectional Regulatory Network.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Synergistic Intervention for Obesity: Integrating Central Appetite Regulation and Peripheral Energy Expenditure.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- The vagus nerve promotes memory in rats via nutrient-induced septo-hippocampal acetylcholine signaling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- AgRP neuron activity predicts and tracks the glycemic response to oral glucose.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Altered responses to ghrelin and food cues in AgRP neurons during pregnancy and lactation.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- AgRP Neuron Activity Predicts and Tracks the Glycemic Response to Oral Glucose.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- GCGR agonism requires GABAergic signaling in the medial basal hypothalamus to promote weight loss in obese mice.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Early ingestive experience with a high-fat diet tunes satiation and nutrient-specific appetitive behaviors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- IL-1β engages distinct peripheral sensory circuits to suppress feeding across time.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut-brain communication: types of sensory nerves and mechanisms of activation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- A hypothalamic circuit for anticipating future changes in energy balance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Stress-induced preference for antioxidants byProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Association of Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Proteomics Biomarkers With Indices of Heart Rate Variability in the General Population: KORA S4/FF4 Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Gut-brain communication: Functional anatomy of vagal afferents.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2025Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Food intake is tightly regulated by complex and coordinated gut-brain interactions. Nutrients rapidly modulate activity in key populations of hypothalamic neurons that regulate food intake, including hunger-sensitive agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons. Because individual macronutrients engage specific receptors in the gut to communicate with the brain, we reasoned that macronutrients may utilize different pathways to reduce activity in AgRP neurons. Here, we revealed that AgRP neuron activity in hungry mice is inhibited by site-specific intestinal detection of different macronutrients. We showed that vagal gut-brain signaling is required for AgRP neuron inhibition by fat. In contrast, spinal gut-brain signaling relays the presence of intestinal glucose. Further, we identified glucose sensors in the intestine and hepatic portal vein that mediate glucose-dependent AgRP neuron inhibition. Therefore, distinct pathways are activated by individual macronutrients to inhibit AgRP neuron activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.