ArticlePloS one2021
Incidence, risk factors and impact of seasonal influenza in pregnancy: A national cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- ECTRIMS/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Factors associated with vaccination intentions and uptake among pregnant women in the UK: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Use of evidence from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System in policy and clinical practice: a descriptive study using citation tracking.NIHR open research · 2026Article
- Influenza virus infection during pregnancy: a review of risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and prevention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Influenza vaccination hesitancy and related factors among pregnant and breastfeeding women: A cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Innate immune responses to pathogens at the maternal-fetal interface.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Obesity on Influenza Vaccine Immunogenicity and Antibody Transfer to the Infant During Pregnancy.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Updated Guidance on Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk of severe influenza infection in women with a history of pregnancy complications: A longitudinal cohort study.PloS one · 2024Article
- A scoping review of the reasons for and approaches to non-uptake of pertussis and influenza vaccinations in pregnant women in the United Kingdom and Ireland.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Characteristics associated with influenza vaccination uptake in pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2023Article
- Functional consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetoplacental unit, and neonate.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2023Review
- Influenza Virus Infection during Pregnancy as a Trigger of Acute and Chronic Complications.Viruses · 2022Review
- Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of obstetric infection after the Universal Two-Child Policy in North China: a 5-year retrospective study based on 268,311 cases.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Upregulated influenza A viral entry factors and enhanced interferon-alpha response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Maternal vaccination: a review of current evidence and recommendations.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
- Feasibility of establishing a Canadian Obstetric Survey System (CanOSS) for severe maternal morbidity: a study protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Does COVID-19 cause pre-eclampsia?Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPregnant women are particularly vulnerable to severe infection from influenza resulting in poor neonatal outcomes. The majority of evidence relates to pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 influenza. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalised with seasonal influenza.
methodsThis national, prospective, observational cohort study used the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) to identify all pregnant women admitted to hospital between 01/11/2016 and 31/10/2018 with laboratory confirmed influenza at any gestation and up to two days after giving birth. These were compared to women admitted to give birth that did not have influenza. Baseline characteristics, immunization status, maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared.
resultsThere were 405 women admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed influenza in pregnancy: 2.7 per 10,000 maternities. Compared to 694 comparison women, women with influenza were less likely to be professionally employed (aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.39-0.89) or immunised in the relevant season (aOR 0·59, 0·39-0·89) and more likely to have asthma (aOR 2.42, 1.30-4.49) or have had a previous pregnancy complication (aOR 2·47, 1·33-4·61). They were more likely to be admitted to intensive care (aOR 21.3, 2.78-163.1) and to have a cesarean birth (aOR 1·42, 1·02-1.98). Their babies were more likely to be admitted to neonatal intensive care (aOR 1.86, 1·01-3·42).
conclusionsImmunization reduces the risk of hospitalisation with influenza in pregnancy which is associated with increased risk of morbidity for both the mother and baby. There is a continued need to increase awareness of safety and effectiveness of immunization in pregnancy and provision within antenatal care settings, especially for high-risk groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.