ArticleJCO global oncology2021
Cost-Effectiveness of Temozolamide for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme in India.
Article in JCO global oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global economic differences in modern glioblastoma care - a systematic review.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of alternating electric fields therapy for newly diagnosed WHO grade 4 astrocytoma on patient survival: a real-world propensity-score adjusted prospective multicenter study.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Financial challenges of being on long-term, high-cost medications.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Review
- Unraveling Glioblastoma: TME Implication and Gene Therapy Advances.Current gene therapy · 2025Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Novel Agent Regimens for Transplant-Eligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients in India.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Systemic Therapy for Intensification of Treatment in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer in India.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Economic Evaluation of Targeted Therapies for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase- and ROS1 Fusion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in India.JCO global oncology · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of 11 pharmacotherapies for recurrent glioblastoma in the USA and China.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of the First Line Treatment Options For Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in India.JCO global oncology · 2023Article
- Glioblastoma management in low and middle-income countries; existing challenges and policy recommendations.Brain & spine · 2023Review
- Cost Effectiveness of Ribociclib and Palbociclib in the Second-Line Treatment of Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer in Post-Menopausal Indian Women.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Article
- Letter regarding Louis et al: The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A summary.Neuro-oncology · 2021Article
- Reply to D. O'Reilly et al.JCO global oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has poor outcomes following surgery and radiation. Adjuvant temozolamide along with radiation therapy has been shown to improve survival. In this paper, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of concomitant temozolamide with radiation and maintenance temozolamide for 6 months of treatment for GBM in India. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe used a Markov model to evaluate the lifetime costs and consequences of treating GBM with radiation alone versus radiation with adjuvant temozolamide. The model was calibrated using the published evidence from European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-NCIC trial on progression-free survival and overall survival to estimate the life years (LYs) and quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs). Cost of treatment and management of complications were estimated using the data from the National Health System Cost Database and Indian studies. Future cost and consequences were discounted at 3%. Incremental cost per QALY gained with temozolamide was estimated to assess cost effectiveness.
resultsTemozolamide resulted in an increase of 0.59 (0.53-0.66) LY and 0.33 (0.29-0.40) QALY per person at an incremental cost of ₹75,120 in Indian national rupee (INR) (59,337-93,960). Overall, the use of temozolamide incurs an incremental cost of ₹212,020 INR (138,127-401,466) per QALY gained, which has a 4.7% probability to be cost-effective at 1-time per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) threshold. In case the current price of temozolamide could be decreased by 90%, the probability of its use for GBM being cost-effective increases to 80%.
conclusionTemozolamide is not cost-effective for treatment of patients with GBM in India. This evidence should be used while framing guidelines for treatment and price regulation.
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