ArticleHuman brain mapping2021
Disrupted connectivity within visual, attentional and salience networks in the visual snow syndrome.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cerebellum in migraine: a narrative review of anatomical, imaging, and clinical evidence.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Network localization of regional intrinsic neural activity alterations in migraine and their neurochemical correlates.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Functional gradient reorganization and transcriptomic signatures underlying 1 Hz rTMS treatment in first-episode schizophrenia following right orbitofrontal cortex stimulation.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Trial
- Visual, vestibular, and ocular motor changes during nitroglycerin-triggered vestibular migraine.Headache · 2026Article
- Visual snow syndrome as a neuropsychiatric network disorder: clinical features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- External Dynamic Visual Noise Matched to the Appearance of Visual Snow Fails to Reproduce Key Perceptual Properties of the Phenomenon.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Unmasking the noise: aberrant cortical oscillations in visual snow syndrome.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for visual snow syndrome: symptoms relief and changes in brain dynamics. A case report.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness versus vestibular migraine: A narrative review.Headache · 2026Review
- Somatosensory perception in Visual Snow Syndrome: a comparison to age-, sex- and migraine-matched controls using Quantitative Sensory Testing - no evidence of altered somatosensory thresholds.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Electroencephalographic Resting-State Microstates are Unstable in Visual Snow Syndrome.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Altered functional connectivity strength between structurally and functionally affected brain regions in visual snow syndrome.Brain communications · 2025Article
- [Characterization of a German cohort with visual snow syndrome].Der Nervenarzt · 2024Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of visual snow syndrome in a cohort of young Italian adults.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Exploring the Phenotype and Possible Mechanisms of Palinopsia in Visual Snow Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Improving Understanding of Visual Snow by Quantifying its Appearance and Effect on Vision.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Alterations of the alpha rhythm in visual snow syndrome: a case-control study.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Visual Snow: Updates and Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Understanding visual perception in visual snow syndrome: a battery of psychophysical tests plus the 30-day clinical diary.Brain communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Here we investigate brain functional connectivity in patients with visual snow syndrome (VSS). Our main objective was to understand more about the underlying pathophysiology of this neurological syndrome. Twenty-four patients with VSS and an equal number of gender and age-matched healthy volunteers attended MRI sessions in which whole-brain maps of functional connectivity were acquired under two conditions: at rest while watching a blank screen and during a visual paradigm consisting of a visual-snow like stimulus. Eight unilateral seed regions were selected a priori based on previous observations and hypotheses; four seeds were placed in key anatomical areas of the visual pathways and the remaining were derived from a pre-existing functional analysis. The between-group analysis showed that patients with VSS had hyper and hypoconnectivity between key visual areas and the rest of the brain, both in the resting state and during a visual stimulation, compared with controls. We found altered connectivity internally within the visual network; between the thalamus/basal ganglia and the lingual gyrus; between the visual motion network and both the default mode and attentional networks. Further, patients with VSS presented decreased connectivity during external sensory input within the salience network, and between V5 and precuneus. Our results suggest that VSS is characterised by a widespread disturbance in the functional connectivity of several brain systems. This dysfunction involves the pre-cortical and cortical visual pathways, the visual motion network, the attentional networks and finally the salience network; further, it represents evidence of ongoing alterations both at rest and during visual stimulus processing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.