ArticleBiofilm2020
Impact of metal ions on structural EPS hydrogels from aerobic granular sludge.
Article in Biofilm, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dimensional analysis as a tool for biofilm comparative analysis: bridging the interdisciplinary divides.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-Forming Ability and Biological Characterization of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) fromGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nanocellulose hydrogels as bio-interface analogs for studying nanomaterial transport and accumulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Synthesis of Metal-Modified Nanocellulose as a Biofilm Analogue for Biofilm Mimicry in Biomedical and Environmental Applications.Biopolymers · 2025Article
- Bacteria Colonies Modify Their Shear and Compressive Mechanical Properties in Response to Different Growth Substrates.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Bayesian estimation ofBiofilm · 2023Article
- Detection of Gel-Forming Polymers via Calcium Crosslinking, Applied to the Screening of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Extracted from Biological Aggregates.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Alginate-like polymers from full-scale aerobic granular sludge: content, recovery, characterization, and application for cadmium adsorption.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Tailoring polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA) hydrogel beads by controlling crosslinking pH and time.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Diffusion of soluble organic substrates in aerobic granular sludge: Effect of molecular weight.Water research X · 2022Article
- Marine Gel Interactions with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Pollutants.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Structural extracellular polymeric substances (structural EPS) can form stable hydrogels and are considered to be responsible for the stability of biofilms and aerobic granular sludge. Structural EPS were extracted from aerobic granular sludge and characterized for their gel-forming capacity with different alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The structural EPS hydrogels were compared to alginate hydrogels. Alginate is a well characterized polymer which is able to form stiff hydrogels with multivalent ions. The stiffness of the obtained hydrogels was measured with dynamic mechanical analysis and quantified by the Young's modulus. Furthermore the stability of structural EPS hydrogels towards disintegration in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated at pH 4.5-10.5 and compared to that of alginate, polygalacturonic acid and κ-carrageenan. The stiffness of alginate hydrogels was multiple times higher than that of structural EPS. Alkaline earth metals resulted in stiffer alginate hydrogels than transition metals. For structural EPS this trend was opposite to alginate. Independent of the pH, polysaccharide hydrogels were quickly disintegrated when being exposed to EDTA. Structural EPS hydrogels demonstrated greater stability towards EDTA and were still intact after one month at pH 4.5-8.5. It is suggested that the gelling mechanism of structural EPS is not only related to metal ion complexation of the polymers, but to a combination of interactions of multiple functional groups present in structural EPS. This study helps to further understand and characterize structural EPS from aerobic granular sludge, and therewith understand its stability and that of biofilms in general.
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Registered trials
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