ReviewGland surgery2020
Pitfalls and differential diagnosis on adrenal lesions: current concepts in CT/MR imaging: a narrative review.
Review in Gland surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Radiomic Characterization of Adrenal Incidentalomas on NECT: Retrospective Exploratory Study and Systematic Review.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Incidental Adrenal Hemangioma: A Diagnostic and Management Challenge.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Morpho-Functional and Biochemical Characterization of Adrenal Masses in a Heterogeneous Cancer Population.Cancers · 2025Article
- Localization and Classification of Adrenal Masses in Multiphase Computed Tomography: Retrospective Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- The Role of Dual-Energy CT in Differentiating Adrenal Adenomas from Metastases: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Synchronous Ipsilateral Adrenal and Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma: A Unique Case of Large Tumor Mass.Case reports in medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the Differential Diagnosis of Adrenal Adenoma in the Context of Situs Ambiguous: A Clinical Case Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- The Management of Phaeochromocytomas and Paragangliomas in the Era of Precision Medicine: Where Are We Now? Evidence-Based Systemic Treatment Options and Future Cluster Oriented Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Coexistence of Bilateral Giant Adrenal Myelolipomas and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Report.Cureus · 2023Article
- Tumour size in adrenal tumours: its importance in the indication of adrenalectomy and in surgical outcomes-a single-centre experience.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Adrenal Lesions: A Review of Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Predictive model of pheochromocytoma based on the imaging features of the adrenal tumours.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Review
- Primary adrenal tuberculosis infection in patients with Behcet's disease presenting as isolated adrenal metastasis byGland surgery · 2021Article
- Adrenal myelolipomas.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the imaging findings of adrenal lesions. Adrenal lesions could be divided into functioning or non-functioning masses, primary or metastatic, and benign or malignant. Imaging techniques have undergone significant advances in recent years. The most significant objective of adrenal imaging is represented by the detection and, when possible, characterization of adrenal lesions in order to direct patient management correctly. The detection and management of adrenal lesions is based on cross-sectional imaging obtained with non-contrast CT (tumour density), contrast-enhanced CT including delayed washout (either absolute percentage washout or relative percentage one) and finally with MR chemical shift analysis (loss of signal intensity between in-phase and out-of-phase images including both qualitative and quantitative estimates of signal loss). The small incidental adrenal nodules are benign, in most of cases; some tumors such as lipid-rich adenoma and myelolipoma have characteristic features that can be diagnosed accurately in CT. On contrary, if the presenting contrast-enhanced CT shows an adrenal mass with uncertain or malignant morphologic features, particularly in patients with a known history of malignancy, further evaluations should be considered. The most significative implications for radiologists are represented by how to assess risk of malignancy on imaging and what follow-up to indicate if an adrenal incidentaloma is not surgically removed.
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