Observational studyScientific reports2021
Aqueous autotaxin and TGF-βs are promising diagnostic biomarkers for distinguishing open-angle glaucoma subtypes.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can MicroRNAs Serve as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Glaucoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Their Diagnostic Significance.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 22 loci for normal tension glaucoma with significant overlap with high tension glaucoma.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- The role of artificial intelligence in analysis of biofluid markers for diagnosis and management of glaucoma: A systematic review.European journal of ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Left-Right Determination Factor 2 (LEFTY2) Is an Aqueous Humor Biomarker for Exfoliation Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Human ocular fluid outflow on-chip reveals trabecular meshwork-mediated Schlemm's canal endothelial dysfunction in steroid-induced glaucoma.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Potential benefits of vitamin A and its derivatives in glaucoma.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Peptide Biomarkers - An Emerging Diagnostic Tool and Current Applicable Assay.Current protein & peptide science · 2025Review
- Challenging glaucoma with emerging therapies: an overview of advancements against the silent thief of sight.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- TGF-β effects on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells differ in 2D and 3D cell culture conditions.FEBS open bio · 2024Article
- Effects of SIPA1L1 on trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix protein accumulation and cellular phagocytosis in POAG.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Role of TGF-β1/SMADs signalling pathway in resveratrol-induced reduction of extracellular matrix deposition by dexamethasone-treated human trabecular meshwork cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2024Article
- TGF-β Isoforms and Local Environments Greatly Modulate Biological Nature of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Applications of artificial intelligence and bioinformatics methodologies in the analysis of ocular biofluid markers: a scoping review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- An Autotaxin-Induced Ocular Hypertension Mouse Model Reflecting Physiological Aqueous Biomarker.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- TGF-β2 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in 2D Planer and 3D Spheroids of the Human Corneal Stroma Fibroblasts in Different Manners.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- TGF-β Isoforms Affect the Planar and Subepithelial Fibrogenesis of Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts in Different Manners.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Aqueous Humor TGF-β2 and Its Association With Intraocular Pressure in a Naturally Occurring Large Animal Model of Glaucoma.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- New Biomarker Combination Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- TGF-β-3 Induces Different Effects from TGF-β-1 and -2 on Cellular Metabolism and the Spatial Properties of the Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine if aqueous autotaxin (ATX) and TGF-β levels could be used for differentiating glaucoma subtypes. This prospective observational study was performed using aqueous humor samples obtained from 281 consecutive patients. Open angle glaucoma patients were classified into three groups: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), secondary open-angle glaucoma (SOAG), and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG). Aqueous levels of ATX and TGF-βs were quantified. The AUC as well as sensitivity and specificity for the classification into normal and glaucoma subtypes using four indicators-ATX, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, upon the application of three machine learning methods. ATX, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 were positively correlated with IOP, and ATX was significantly and negatively correlated with the mean deviation. From least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, the AUC values to distinguish each subgroup [normal, POAG, SOAG, and XFG] ranged between 0.675 (POAG vs. normal) and 0.966 (XFG vs. normal), when four variables were used. High AUC values were obtained with ATX for discriminating XFG from normal eyes and with TGF-β3 for discriminating XFG from normal eyes, POAG, or SOAG. Aqueous TGF-β and ATX exhibited high diagnostic performance in detecting glaucoma subtypes, and could be promising biomarkers for glaucoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.