ArticleKorean journal of orthodontics2021
Force changes associated with differential activation of en-masse retraction and/or intrusion with clear aligners.
Article in Korean journal of orthodontics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Advancements in biomechanics and orthodontic strategies for clear aligner therapy].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of fixed appliance treatment on root resorption in root canal-treated teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy of final canine retraction with and without a palatal power arm using in-house clear aligners: a randomized clinical trial.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Trial
- Predictability of maxillary canine retraction comparing power arm and non-power arm using 24 sets of In-house clear aligner in premolar extraction case: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Accuracy of Preliminary Maxillary Canine and Anchorage Tooth Movement in Premolar Extraction Cases Using 12 In-House Clear Aligners: A Randomised Control Trial Comparing Power Arm and Control.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2025Trial
- Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who underwent clear aligner therapy: A multicenter cohort study.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Forces and Moments Generated by Thermoforming Aligners and Direct-Printed Aligners: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Biomechanical effects of varying intrusion-to-retraction ratios on anterior tooth displacement during extraction space closure with clear aligners: an iterative finite element analysis.The Saudi dental journal · 2026Article
- Beyond Sagittal and Vertical: Transverse Constriction as a Feature of the Collapsed Arch in Angle Class II Post-Extraction Retreatment Patients: A Retrospective CBCT Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effect of an indirect anchorage reinforcement device on maxillary anterior intrusion with clear aligners: a three-dimensional finite element analysis and exploratory clinical validation.Progress in orthodontics · 2026Article
- Assessment of the Effectiveness and Predictability of Maxillary Molar Distalization with Clear Aligner Systems: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Arch width changes following first premolar extractions: a comparison between invisalign and fixed appliances.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of alveolar bone and root changes after clear aligner therapy with different extraction protocols: Balancing tissue loss, tooth control, and treatment alternatives.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Predictability of Lower Incisor Intrusion with Clear Aligners: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Influencing Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Pattern of change in force and moment according to amounts of labial tipping and material types of clear aligner:Korean journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Multi-step finite element simulation for clear aligner space closure: a proof-of-concept compensation protocol.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of different corticotomy approaches on anterior retraction with clear aligners: a finite element study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- The effect of canine lingual attachments during maxillary arch distalization with clear aligner: a 4D finite element analysis and in vitro simulator study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- An index system for the clinical supervision of clear aligner in extraction patients based on the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process.BMC oral health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the three-dimensional forces created by clear aligners on mandibular teeth during differential activation with en-masse retraction and/or intrusion
methodsSix sets of clear aligners were designed for differential en-masse retraction and/or intrusion procedures in a first premolar extraction model. Group A0 was a control group with no activation. Groups A1-5 underwent different degrees of retractions and/or intrusions. Each group consisted of 10 aligners. Aligner forces were measured on a multi-axis force/ torque transducer measurement system in real-time.
resultsIn the en-masse retraction groups (A1 and A2), lingual and extrusive forces were observed on the incisors; the canines mainly received distal forces; intrusive forces were seen on the second premolars; and the molars received mesial forces. In the enmasse retraction and intrusion groups (A3, A4, and A5), incisors also received lingual and extrusive forces; canines received distal and intrusive forces; mesial and extrusive forces were seen on the second premolars; and the second molars received distal and intrusive forces. The vertical forces on the incisors did not differ significantly among groups A1, A3, and A5. However, the vertical forces on the second premolars reversed from intrusion in group A1 to extrusion in groups A3 and A5.
conclusionsWith clear aligners, the "bowing effect" is seen during en-masse anterior teeth retraction and can be partially relieved by performing en-masse retraction accompanied by anterior teeth intrusion. Vertical control of incisors remained unsolved during en-masse retraction, even when intrusive activation was added to the anterior teeth.
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