ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 458 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asian American Vaccination, Testing, and Other Healthcare Knowledge & Behaviors during COVID-19, A Systematic Review.Pathogens and global health · 2023Pooled it
- Love in the time of COVID-19: A systematic mapping review of empirical research on romantic relationships one year into the COVID-19 pandemic.Family process · 2022Pooled it
- Clinically stable covid-19 patients presenting to acute unscheduled episodic care venues have increased risk of hospitalization: secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of Niclosamide vs Placebo in SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Viral Clearance, Viral Shedding, and Duration of Symptoms Among Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Trends and Demographic Disparities Among Adults With Sudden Cardiac Death and Diabetes Mellitus in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis.Journal of arrhythmia · 2026Article
- Disaggregating Middle Eastern and North African Populations in Mortality Records to Better Understand COVID-19 Inequalities in Virginia.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The racial trauma task force: Clinical-community psychology approaches to healing racial trauma during COVID-19.American journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- What is Social Justice? An Important Approach to Public Health Research, Practice, and Health Care Solutions.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Favorable Cardiovascular Health Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 to 2024.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Effects of Demographic Factors and Comorbidities on SAR-CoV-2 (Coronavirus) Severity in Southern New Mexico.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- The Latino health experience: Past and future.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Association of Everyday Discrimination With Drug Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the All of Us Research Program.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Fragile gains: The impact of refugees and other permit immigrants on national life expectancy in Sweden before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of migration and health · 2026Article
- Article
- US-born and foreign-born life expectancy by race and Hispanic origin before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Life Expectancy and Health Expectancy in the Twenty-first Century: The Unthinkable, the Inconceivable, and the Unknowable.Demography · 2025Article
- Pre-COVID-19 Geographic Inequalities in Non-Hispanic Black US Life Expectancy, 1990 to 2019.Population and development review · 2025Article
- An agenda for science communication research and practice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Methodological approaches to structural change: epidemiology and the case for reparations.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Investigating the Trend of Mortality, Life Expectancy and Excessive Death with Emphasis on the Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the Isfahan Province: A Cross-sectional Study of Join Point Regression Analysis 2011-2021.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Article
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 has resulted in a staggering death toll in the United States: over 215,000 by mid-October 2020, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Black and Latino Americans have experienced a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, reflecting persistent structural inequalities that increase risk of exposure to COVID-19 and mortality risk for those infected. We estimate life expectancy at birth and at age 65 y for 2020, for the total US population and by race and ethnicity, using four scenarios of deaths-one in which the COVID-19 pandemic had not occurred and three including COVID-19 mortality projections produced by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Our medium estimate indicates a reduction in US life expectancy at birth of 1.13 y to 77.48 y, lower than any year since 2003. We also project a 0.87-y reduction in life expectancy at age 65 y. The Black and Latino populations are estimated to experience declines in life expectancy at birth of 2.10 and 3.05 y, respectively, both of which are several times the 0.68-y reduction for Whites. These projections imply an increase of nearly 40% in the Black-White life expectancy gap, from 3.6 y to over 5 y, thereby eliminating progress made in reducing this differential since 2006. Latinos, who have consistently experienced lower mortality than Whites (a phenomenon known as the Latino or Hispanic paradox), would see their more than 3-y survival advantage reduced to less than 1 y.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.