SynthesisAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2021
Antibiotic prescribing in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.
Synthesis in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Distribution ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries: a scoping review of clinical, economic, and consumption outcomes.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Development and assessment of an online communication skills course to optimise antibiotic prescribing for children in primary care.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Impact of an antimicrobial time-out program on antimicrobial consumption rate in hospitalized patients: a quasi-experimental study on the national antimicrobial stewardship program in Iran : Iranian antimicrobial stewardship program.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2025Article
- Medication waste and disposal behaviors among Iranian households: A Cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Decade-Long Trends in Antibiotic Prescriptions According to WHO AWaRe Classification Among Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Patients at Tertiary Hospitals in Bangladesh (2011-2020).Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Examining the impact of treatment guidelines on outpatient antibiotic prescription trends at a cancer center in Pakistan.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- A longitudinal point prevalence survey of antimicrobial use and resistance in tertiary care hospitals in Kerman: results from the national Iranian multicenter point prevalence survey of antimicrobials in 2021.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization and prevalence of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in livestock and poultry slaughterhouses wastewater in Iran.Journal of water and health · 2024Article
- Assessment of antibiotic prescribing pattern and cost for hospitalized patients: A study from Palestine.PloS one · 2024Article
- Unveiling the dynamics of antimicrobial utilization and resistance in a large hospital network over five years: Insights from health record data analysis.PLOS digital health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients, healthy carriers, and wastewaters in Iran.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Prescribing pattern of antibiotics by family physicians in primary health care.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Assessment of antibiotic storage practices, knowledge, and awareness related to antibiotic uses and antibiotic resistance among household members in post-conflict areas of Pakistan: Bi-central study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Opportunities for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Caring for Febrile Pediatric Inpatients in Abu Dhabi.Global pediatric health · 2022Article
- Surveillance of antimicrobial utilization among outpatient settings of a tertiary care hospital.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic prescribing is common worldwide. There are several original studies about antibiotic prescribing in the healthcare setting of Iran reporting different levels of prescribing. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic prescribing in both inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran, an example of a developing country.
methodsTo identify published studies on antibiotic prescribing, databases such as ISI, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Electronic Persian were searched in Iran till January 2020. Eligible studies were those analyzing original data on the prescription and use of antibiotics in outpatient or inpatient settings in Iran. Moreover, all studies that used an intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using self-administered quality assessment criteria. The meta-analysis of prevalence of antibiotic prescribing was conducted based on the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines. To calculate pooled rates, the random-effects model was used.
resultsA total of 54 studies (39 outpatients and 15 inpatients) were included in this study. The median of antibiotic prescribing in the outpatient and inpatient settings accounted for 45.25% and 68.2% of patients, respectively. The results of meta-analysis also showed that the antibiotic prescribing accounted for 45% of prescriptions in outpatient settings and 39.5%, 66%, and 75.3% of patients in all wards, pediatrics wards, and ICU wards of inpatient settings, respectively. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic classes in outpatient settings were penicillins, cephalosporins, and macrolides, while in inpatient settings, these were cephalosporins, penicillins, and carbapenems. There were seven studies using interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing pattern. It should be mentioned that intervention in a study had a statistically significant effect on improving antibiotic prescribing (p < .05).
conclusionPrevalence of antibiotic prescribing in Iran is high. Our findings highlight the need for urgent action to improve prescription practices. It seems that developing a national plan to improve antibiotic prescribing is necessary.
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