ArticleClinical hypertension2021
HIV-positive demonstrate more salt sensitivity and nocturnal non-dipping blood pressure than HIV-negative individuals.
Article in Clinical hypertension, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pathophysiology, diagnosis and intervention strategies of nocturnal hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Review
- Novel Insights into Salt-Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in African Adults with and without HIV: Comprehensive Inflammatory, renal and Cardiometabolic Profiling in a Zambian Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Salt sensitivity of blood pressure: mechanisms and sex-specific differences.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps.Circulation research · 2024Review
- High salt intake and HIV infection on endothelial glycocalyx shedding in salt-sensitive hypertension.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Erythrocyte glycocalyx sensitivity to sodium is associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in women but not men.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Hypertensive heart disease: risk factors, complications and mechanisms.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Immediate pressor response to oral salt and its assessment in the clinic: a time series clinical trial.Clinical hypertension · 2022Article
- Erythrocyte sodium buffering capacity status correlates with self-reported salt intake in a population from Livingstone, Zambia.PloS one · 2022Article
- Hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus: A paradigm for epithelial sodium channels?Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
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Abstract
backgroundHigh dietary salt and a lack of reduced blood pressure (BP) at night (non-dipping) are risk factors for the development of hypertension which may result in end-organ damage and death. The effect of high dietary salt on BP in black people of sub-Saharan Africa living with HIV is not well established. The goal of this study was to explore the associations between salt sensitivity and nocturnal blood pressure dipping according to HIV and hypertension status in a cohort of adult Zambian population.
methodsWe conducted an interventional study among 43 HIV-positive and 42 HIV-negative adults matched for age and sex. Study participants were instructed to consume a low (4 g) dietary salt intake for a week followed by high (9 g) dietary salt intake for a week. Salt resistance and salt sensitivity were defined by a mean arterial pressure difference of ≤5 mmHg and ≥ 8 mmHg, respectively, between the last day of low and high dietary salt intervention. Nocturnal dipping was defined as a 10-15% decrease in night-time blood pressure measured with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor.
resultsThe median age was 40 years for both the HIV-positive and the HIV-negative group with 1:1 male to female ratio. HIV positive individuals with hypertension exhibited a higher BP sensitivity to salt (95%) and non-dipping BP (86%) prevalence compared with the HIV negative hypertensive (71 and 67%), HIV positive (10 and 24%) and HIV-negative normotensive (29 and 52%) groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Salt sensitivity was associated with non-dipping BP and hypertension in both the HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups even after adjustment in multivariate logistic regression (< 0.001).
conclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that high dietary salt intake raises blood pressure and worsens nocturnal BP dipping to a greater extent in hypertensive than normotensive individuals and that hypertensive individuals have higher dietary salt intake than their normotensive counterparts. Regarding HIV status, BP of HIV-positive hypertensive patients may be more sensitive to salt intake and demonstrate more non-dipping pattern compared to HIV-negative hypertensive group. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate this.
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