ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2021
A qualitative study of barriers to employment experienced by people living with HIV in Toronto and Ottawa.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of HIV/AIDS on African-born Women Living in the United States: a Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Pooled it
- Psychological distress experiences among patients living with HIV: a qualitative systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The burden of HIV-related stigma on clinical and quality of life outcomes: results from a systematic literature review.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2026Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Anxiety of Adult Individuals Undergoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing at an Anonymous Testing Center in Türkiye: A Qualitative Study.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2025Article
- Uncovering the stressors and coping strategies among young people living with HIV: A Hospital-based qualitative study in Eastern India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Quality of life of people with human immunodeficiency virus and seroconcordant and serodiscordant partnerships.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Combined effects of social isolation and loneliness on patient-reported outcomes in older adults with HIV.AIDS care · 2024Article
- Resisting and disrupting HIV-related stigma: a photovoice study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- An ecological systems approach to the difficulties faced by social workers in community home-based care organisations for people living with HIV.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Healthcare system action on employment as a social determinant of health in people living with HIV: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Does resource insecurity drive HIV-related stigma? Associations between food and housing insecurity with HIV-related stigma in cohort of women living with HIV in Canada.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Problems undermining the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV in Spain: a qualitative study to inform the development of a novel clinic screening tool.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Review
- Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Correction to: A qualitative study of barriers to employment experienced by people living with HIV in Toronto and Ottawa.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEffective treatment has extended the life expectancy and reduced disability in people living with HIV (PLWH). However, previous research has found 45-65% of working-age PLWH were unemployed compared to 5-10% in the general public of North America and Europe. We examined the barriers to gaining employment among PLWH.
methodsThirty-five in-depth interviews were conducted in person or over the phone with PLWH living in Toronto or Ottawa. This included PLWH who were unemployed but actively seeking employment, as well as PLWH who had successfully gained employment through an agency that specifically supported PLWH funded by the AIDS Committee of Toronto. Interviews were conducted between February 2019 and March 2020. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.
resultsThe majority of participants were between the ages of 40-55 and identified as male. Participants shared many common barriers when describing their attempts to attain or maintain employment. Although varying in employment status at the time of the study, consistent barriers included experiencing HIV stigma in workplaces, challenges overcoming mental health illnesses, and difficulties in navigating social assistance and unemployment insurance programs when pursuing a return to work.
conclusionsPLWH face significant barriers when attempting to engage with employment opportunities. Health providers and organizations can do more to support campaigns to end HIV stigma, to support individuals in pursuing employment, and to advocate for policy change that supports reentry into the workforce for PLHA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.