ArticleBMC neurology2021
A time series analysis of the relationship between ambient temperature and ischaemic stroke in the Ljubljana area: immediate, delayed and cumulative effects.
Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between ambient temperature and stroke risk in high-risk populations: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Temperature Exposure and Acute Cardiovascular Disease Risk in New York City: Case Time Series.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- The correlation between temperature and the incidence of acute ischaemic stroke in Yanji, China: a time series study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Ambient Temperature and Stroke Risk Among Adults Aged 18-64 Years: A Case-Crossover Study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Association of ambient temperature on acute ischemic stroke in Yancheng, China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Burden of Stroke Attributable to Nonoptimal Temperature in 204 Countries and Territories: A Population-Based Study, 1990-2019.Neurology · 2024Article
- Forecasting extremely high ischemic stroke incidence using meteorological time serie.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between El Niño-Southern Oscillation events and stroke: a case-crossover study in Kaunas city, Lithuania, 2000-2015.International journal of biometeorology · 2022Article
- Climatic influences on cardiovascular diseases.World journal of cardiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStroke is a major health problem around the world. Several studies have examine the influence of ambient temperature on incidence of stoke, but they reported different results for different types of stroke and different geographical regions. Hence, effect of ambient temperature is still much of interest, when focusing on ischemic stroke (IS) in regions that have not been examined yet. The aim of our study is to analyse association between IS incidences and short, delayed and cumulative effect of average daily ambient temperature, humidity and pressure in central Europe. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first IS study conducted between 45° and 50° latitude where large part of Central European population resides.
methodsWe linked daily hospitals' admission data for whole population and separately for two specific age groups with ambient temperature data. We considered patients coming from Ljubljana basin and its immediate surrounding. Data were gathered daily from January 2012 to December 2017. To measure the effect of average ambient temperature, humidity and pressure we used generalized linear model with a log-link-function and a Poisson distribution.
resultsThe results of our study show a statistically significant immediate, delayed and cumulative effects of ambient temperatures on IS incidence for the whole population and the population older than 65 years. Specifically, 1 °C reduction in ambient temperature on a given day (Lag 0) increases the IS risk for approximately 5‰ (all population) or 6‰ (population older than 65 years). Similar effects were found for lags from 1 to 6. Analysis of time windows from 0 to 1 days up to 0-28 days also show statistically significant cumulative effect for the same two age groups. IS incidence was not found to be significantly related to pressure or humidity in any group.
conclusionThe findings of this study may help healthcare authorities in central Europe improve existing stroke prevention measures and raise public awareness.
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