ArticleBMC cancer2021
Risk factors of breast cancer among patients in a tertiary care hospitals in Afghanistan: a case control study.
Article in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast Cancer in Afghan Women: A Systematic Review of Awareness, Screening Practices, and Risk Factors.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Family history and breast cancer risk for Asian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates in Afghanistan in 2020: A review study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Breast cancer awareness among Afghan refugee women in Turkey.EClinicalMedicine · 2022Article
- Pathological Features of Ovarian Tumors, Diagnosed at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Afghanistan: A Cross-sectional Study.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
- The potential effects and mechanisms of breast inflammatory lesions on the occurrence and development of breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review on the Status of Female Breast Cancer in Asia with a Special Focus on Nepal.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2022Article
- The Importance of Clinical Data for the Diagnosis of Breast Tumours in North Afghanistan.International journal of breast cancer · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is the second most common causes of women's death, worldwide. Data on risk factors associated with female breast cancer in the Afghan population is very limited. The aim of our study was to identifying risk factor associated with female breast cancer in Afghanistan.
methodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted with inclusion of 201 cases and 201 controls. Patient information was collected by interviewing the patient through a structured questionnaire. Histopathological information was collected from the hospital integrated laboratory management system. The data was analyzed by using logistic regression with univariate and multivariable analyses to determine the association between breast cancer and predictors.
resultsThe results of the current study showed that factors such as: age (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 0.99-1.04; p-0.148); age at menarche (OR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72-0.92; p-0.008); age at first baby (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.07-1.20; p- < 0.001); illiteracy (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.16-3.22; p-0.011); smoking (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.01-3.99; p-0.04) and family history of cancer (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.18-3.32; p-0.009) were significantly associated with breast cancer. However, our study did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and some of the predictors that were previously highlighted in literature, such as: marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), use of hormonal contraceptive, breastfeeding and exercise.
conclusionOur study demonstrated that age at menarche, and age at first baby birth, illiteracy, smoking and family history of cancer were significant risk factors associated with development of breast cancer among women in Afghanistan. Health education of women regarding aforementioned predisposing factors are therefore, expected to be valuable in decreasing the burden of breast cancer with reduction of its burden on the healthcare system in Afghanistan.
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