ArticleClinical and experimental pediatrics2021
Clinical features, diagnosis, and outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with coronavirus disease 2019.
Article in Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Systemic Inflammation in Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases Using a Composite Systemic Inflammation Score.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- MIS-C: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Unraveling the complexity in diagnosis and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with Kawasaki disease mimicry: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Clinical Manifestation of Children with Kawasaki Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Case Series.Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Spectrum of Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Children: From MIS-C to Long COVID.Annual review of virology · 2024Review
- Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Children: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T cell populations in children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Pediatric research · 2024Observational
- Clinical and Epidemiological Assessment of Children and Adolescents Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in the Pre-Amazon Region.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings in MIS-C patients associated with COVID-19: An experience from the Northwest of Iran.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Ischemic Stroke in the Course of COVID-19 in a 16-Year-Old Boy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Comparison of COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: case reports and literature review.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2023Article
- Echocardiographic Findings in Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome from Initial Presentation to the First Years after Discharge.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Stratification of Pediatric COVID-19 Cases Using Inflammatory Biomarker Profiling and Machine Learning.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Secretory IgA Response in Human Milk Against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Is Highly Durable and Neutralizing for At Least 1 Year of Lactation Postinfection.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children by a Whole-Blood Transcriptional Signature.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2023Article
- The Effect of Biologics in the Treatment of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (Mis-C): A Single-Center Propensity-Score-Matched Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The secretory IgA (sIgA) response in human milk against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike is highly durable and neutralizing for at least 1 year of lactation post-infection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Cardiac MRI with late gadolinium enhancement shows cardiac involvement 3-6 months after severe acute COVID-19 similar to or worse than PIMS.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spreading worldwide since December 2019. Hundreds of cases of children and adolescents with Kawasaki disease (KD)-like hyperinflammatory illness have been reported in Europe and the United States during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic with or without shock and cardiac dysfunction. These patients tested positive for the polymerase chain reaction or antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 or had a history of recent exposure to COVID-19. Clinicians managing such patients coined new terms for this new illness, such as COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory response syndrome, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19, or COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The pathogenesis of MIS-C is unclear; however, it appears similar to that of cytokine storm syndrome. MIS-C shows clinical features similar to KD, but differences between them exist with respect to age, sex, and racial distributions and proportions of patients with shock or cardiac dysfunction. Recommended treatments for MIS-C include intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and inotropic or vasopressor support. For refractory patients, monoclonal antibody to interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra), or monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) may be recommended. Patients with coronary aneurysms require aspirin or anticoagulant therapy. The prognosis of MIS-C seemed favorable without sequelae in most patients despite a reported mortality rate of approximately 1.5%.
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