ArticleCancers2021
Characterization of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG in Ovarian Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- RelB drives integrin-mediated stress tolerance and relapse in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Clotrimazole Targets the c-Myc-Survivin Axis to Reduce the Viability of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells Alone and in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cystathionine beta-synthase promotes anoikis resistance and transcoelomic metastasis in ovarian cancer via SP1- ITGB1 regulation.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy Enrichment of ID Family Expression Is Associated with IL-6 Signaling in Ovarian Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Mapping CSC-Mediated Ovarian Cancer Chemoresistance via CXCR4-PET to Guide Precision Cisplatin Re-Sensitization Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Critical roles of Hedgehog signaling pathway in regulating the multidrug resistance of ovarian cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Reprogram Chemosensitivity Pathways in Cervical Cancer Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- APOBEC3B enhances the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in elimination of ovarian cancer stem cell.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells: Mechanisms of Progression and Therapeutic Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Fueling the Seed: Growth Factors and Cytokines Driving Cancer Stem Cells in Gynecological Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- NFKBIE as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for GBM: role in Hedgehog signaling activation.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Role of PDGFRα-mediated signalling in anoikis resistance in glioblastoma: in vitro study.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- Preadipocyte-induced upregulation of IGFBP5 enhances ovarian cancer tumorigenesis via CREB signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- Navitoclax, a Bcl-2/xL Inhibitor, and YM155, a Survivin Inhibitor, in Combination with Carboplatin, Effectively Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Tumor Growth.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Article
- Therapeutic and Prognostic Relevance of Cancer Stem Cell Populations in Endometrial Cancer: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unlocking the Role of OCT4 in Cancer Lineage Plasticity: A Cross-Cancer Perspective with an Emphasis on Prostate Cancer.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Ovarian Cancer: Multi-Omics Data Integration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A comprehensive overview of ovarian cancer stem cells: correlation with high recurrence rate, underlying mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Key roles of ubiquitination in regulating critical regulators of cancer stem cell functionality.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- The metabolic landscape of ovarian cancer stem cells: how do they survive?Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The identification of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) has traditionally relied on surface markers including CD133, CD44, CD117, and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme, which have diverse expression across samples. A more reliable indication of TICs may include the expression of embryonic transcription factors that support long-term self-renewal, multipotency, and quiescence. We hypothesize that SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG will be enriched in ovarian TICs and may indicate TICs with high relapse potential. We evaluated a panel of eight ovarian cancer cell lines grown in standard 2-D culture or in spheroid-enriching 3-D culture, and correlated expression with growth characteristics, TIC marker expression, and chemotherapy resistance. RNA-sequencing showed that cell cycle regulation pathways involving SOX2 were elevated in 3-D conditions. HGSOC lines had longer doubling-times, greater chemoresistance, and significantly increased expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG in 3-D conditions. CD117+ or ALDH+/CD133+ cells had increased SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG expression. Limiting dilution in in vivo experiments implicated SOX2, but not OCT4 or NANOG, with early tumor-initiation. An analysis of patient data suggested a stronger role for SOX2, relative to OCT4 or NANOG, for tumor relapse potential. Overall, our findings suggest that SOX2 may be a more consistent indicator of ovarian TICs that contribute to tumor repopulation following chemotherapy. Future studies evaluating SOX2 in TIC biology will increase our understanding of the mechanisms that drive ovarian cancer relapse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.