Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33445607›Full record

ArticleCells2021

Identification of Cathepsin D as a Plasma Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease.

Jae-Whan Kim, Soon-Young Jung, Youngbin Kim, Hansol Heo, Chang-Hyung Hong, Sang-Won Seo, Seong-Hye Choi, Sang-Joon Son, Seongju Lee, Jaerak Chang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Cathepsins in Neurological Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicle Cathepsin D Dysregulation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jae-Whan KimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Soon-Young JungDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Youngbin KimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Hansol HeoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Chang-Hyung HongDepartment of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Sang-Won SeoSamsung Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
Seong-Hye ChoiDepartment of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea.
Sang-Joon SonDepartment of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.
Seongju LeeProgram in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
Jaerak ChangDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-1732-2076
Ajou University · KRInha University · KRSamsung Medical Center · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, there are still no drugs available to treat or prevent AD effectively. Here, we examined changes in levels of selected proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of AD using plasma samples of control subjects and patients with cognition impairment. To precisely categorize the disease, fifty-six participants were examined with clinical cognitive tests, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and white matter hyperintensities scored by magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma cathepsin D levels of the subjects were examined by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlation of plasma cathepsin D levels with AD-related factors and clinical characteristics were examined by statistical analysis. By analyzing quantitative immunoblot and ELISA, we found that the plasma level of cathepsin D, a major lysosomal protease, was decreased in the group with amyloid plaque deposition at the brain compared to the control group. The level of plasma cathepsin D was negatively correlated with clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes (CDR-SB) scores. In addition, our integrated multivariable logistic regression model suggests the high performance of plasma cathepsin D level for discriminating AD from non-AD. These results suggest that the plasma cathepsin D level could be developed as a diagnostic biomarker candidate for AD.

Indexed as

AgedAge FactorsAlzheimer DiseaseApolipoprotein E4BiomarkersCathepsin DEducational StatusFemaleHumansMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMultivariate AnalysisReproducibility of ResultsROC CurveApolipoprotein E4BiomarkersCathepsin DAlzheimer’s diseasecathepsin DCDR-SB scoreplasma biomarker

Identifiers

PMID33445607
PMCPMC7827175
OpenAlexW3120024124

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.