ArticleJournal of the American College of Surgeons2021
Racial Disparity in Liver Transplantation Listing.
Article in Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial, Ethnic, and Immigration-Related Disparities Across the Gastrointestinal Care Continuum: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinician Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators to Abdominal Organ Transplant Access.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities in Clinical and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Patients with Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Residential and Transplant Center Neighborhood Segregation and Live Donor Liver Transplant.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Liver Xenotransplantation: From Early Primate Trials to the First-in-Human Porcine Bridging Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring Disease-Specific Waitlist Outcomes in Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2026Article
- Access to early liver transplantation is adversely impacted by social determinants of health: A retrospective cohort study.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2025Article
- A large language model-based approach to quantifying the effects of social determinants in liver transplant decisions.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in liver transplant access vary within and across transplant referral regions.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2025Article
- An overview of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the United States transplant surgery workforce.Current problems in surgery · 2025Article
- Access to Evaluation for Liver Transplantation in the Veterans Health Administration.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Disparities in liver transplant waitlist characteristics and outcomes among Hispanic compared to non-Hispanic adults.Frontiers in transplantation · 2025Article
- Statistical Methods to Examine Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Surgical Literature: A Review and Recommendations for Improvement.Annals of surgery · 2024Review
- Racial Disparities in Alcoholic Hepatitis Hospitalizations in the United States: Trends, Outcomes, and Future Projections.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-associated Liver Diseases in the United States.Transplantation · 2024Article
- Waiting for a Liver Transplant in New Mexico; Understanding the State's Multi-layered Adversity.Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives · 2024Article
- Does the human leukocyte antigen's relatively homogeneous genetic background relate to better lung transplantation outcomes in Japan?Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Review
- Treatment Disparities Partially Mediate Socioeconomic- and Race/Ethnicity-Based Survival Disparities in Stage I-II Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Identifying and understanding variation in population-based access to liver transplantation in the United States.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Article
- Actionable Solutions to Achieve Health Equity in Chronic Liver Disease.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated disparities in transplantation for women, non-Caucasians, the uninsured or publicly insured, and rural populations. We sought to correlate transplant center characteristics with patient access to the waiting list and liver transplantation. We hypothesized that liver transplant centers vary greatly in providing equitable access to the waiting list and liver transplantation. STUDY
designCenter-specific, adult, deceased-donor liver transplant and waitlist data for the years 2013 to 2018 were obtained from the United Network for Organ Sharing. Waitlist race/ethnicity distributions from liver transplant centers performing ≥ 250 transplants over this period (n = 109) were compared with those of their donor service area, as calculated from 5-year US Census Bureau estimates of 2017. Center-specific characteristics correlating with disparities were analyzed using a linear regression model with a log transformed outcome.
resultsNon-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) are under-represented in liver transplant listing compared with center donation service area (88/109, 81%), whereas, non-Hispanic Whites are over-represented (65/109, 58%) (p < 0.0001). Hispanics were also under-represented on the waitlist at the majority of transplant centers (68/109, 62%) (p = 0.02). Although the racial/ethnic distribution of transplantation is more reflective of the waitlist, there is a higher than expected rate of transplantation for NHBs compared to the waitlist. Predictors of disparity in listing include percentage of transplant recipients at the center who had private insurance, racial composition of the donation service area, and the distance recipients had to travel for transplant.
conclusionsNon-Hispanic Blacks are listed for liver transplantation less than would be expected. Once listed, however, racial disparities in transplantation are greatly diminished. Improvements in access to adequate health insurance appear to be essential to diminishing disparities in access to this life-saving care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.