Observational studyPloS one2021
Comparison of obesity and metabolic syndrome prevalence using fat mass index, body mass index and percentage body fat.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with selected factors among people with psychiatric conditions in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnosis, staging and management of obesity: a synthesis of contemporary guidelines.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Dose-Response Relationships Between Physical Activity, Dietary Behaviors, and Excess Body Weight: Identification of Behavioral Risk Patterns.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Associations between adiposity indices and liver steatosis and stiffness assessed by two-dimensional shear wave elastography in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Overweight and obesity in Jordanian adults before and after COVID-19: a multi-index comparison.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Independence of the body composition index from nutritional status affecting bone maturation.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Nonlinear association between body fat percent and type 2 diabetes risk in Japanese adults: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Are teenagers in Kenya physically active? The nexus between physical activity and nutrition status of Kenyan teenagers: A cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Overview of research and practice progress in body composition measurement techniques.Frontiers in medical technology · 2026Review
- Nutrition Patterns, Metabolic and Psychological State Among High-Weight Young Adults: A Network Approach.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, and High Cholesterol Among Older People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2026Review
- Fat mass index is associated with altered platelet fatty acid composition, oxidative stress, and inflammation.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Association between lean mass and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey.Endocrine journal · 2025Article
- Effect of Obese Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Blood Biomarkers following Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes and Military Cadets: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Long-term BMI trajectories and epigenetic age acceleration: the role of genetic risk for obesity.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Association of Air Pollution With Adiposity Rates in Active Runners and Inactive People.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Relationship of fat mass index and fat free mass index with body mass index and association with sleeping patterns and physical activity in Saudi young adults women.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations of obesity defined comprehensively by body mass index and body fat percentage with osteopenia.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- The Association Between Beverages Consumption Patterns, Metabolic Risk Factors, and Anthropometric Features Among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrition and metabolic insights · 2025Article
- Assessing the prevalence of obesity in a Russian adult population by six indices and their associations with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccurate obesity classification is important so that appropriate intervention can be instituted to modify metabolic risk factors. Commonly utilized body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) are influenced by lean mass whereas fat mass index (FMI) measures only body fat. This study compares the prevalence of obesity and metabolic risk factors with FMI, BMI and PBF using DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry).
methods489 women randomly recruited from the electoral roll were stratified into 4 age groups; 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years from 2000 to 2001. Clinical data and DXA body composition were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed using Medcalc v15 (Ostend, Belgium) with significance level at p = 0.05 (two-tailed).
resultsThere was higher prevalence of obesity using PBF compared to BMI and FMI (p<0.001). This difference was greater from age 50-59 (p<0.05) which may be explained by age-related lean mass loss. PBF over-classified obesity in over 35% of normal and 95% of overweight categories compared to FMI and BMI. BMI has a sensitivity of 78.9% and specificity of 98.3% for obesity using FMI as the standard. BMI under-classified obesity in the overweight category by 14.9% compared to FMI. There was no difference in diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome prevalence within the BMI-obesity and FMI-obesity categories (p>0.05).
conclusionPBF classified more obesity than BMI and FMI because of its low pre-determined threshold. The greater difference with PBF compared to BMI and FMI from the 50-59 decade onwards can be attributed to age-related lean mass loss. BMI had the lowest sensitivity for obesity diagnosis. BMI under-classified obesity in the overweight category compared to FMI due to its inability to differentiate lean mass. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic risk factors between BMI and FMI-obesity categories indicating that fat location may influence metabolic dysregulation.
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