Observational studyPloS one2021
Impact of altitude on COVID-19 infection and death in the United States: A modeling and observational study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- COVID-19 in the Tibet, China, the roof of the world: a comparative analysis of high-altitude residents and newcomers.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- OMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Influence of Environmental Factors and Genome Diversity on Cumulative COVID-19 Cases in the Highland Region of China: Comparative Correlational Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Prediction models of COVID-19 fatality in nine Peruvian provinces: A secondary analysis of the national epidemiological surveillance system.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to determine cut-off points of clinical and biomolecular markers to discriminate mortality in severe COVID-19 living at high altitude.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Solar desalination/purification (solar stills, humidification-dehumidification, solar disinfection) in high altitude during COVID19: Insights of gastrointestinal manifestations and systems' mechanism.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2023Article
- Article
- Efficacy of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir versus Azvudine for COVID-19 Treatment in Tibet: A Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- A Counterintuitive Neutrophil-Mediated Pattern in COVID-19 Patients Revealed through Transcriptomics Analysis.Viruses · 2022Article
- Revisiting the COVID-19 fatality rate and altitude association through a comprehensive analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Are High-Altitude Residents More Susceptible to Covid-19 in India? Findings and Potential Implications for Research and Policy.International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation · 2022Article
- Effect of High Altitude on the Survival of COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Cohort Study.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2022Article
- High altitude Relieves transmission risks of COVID-19 through meteorological and environmental factors: Evidence from China.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Assessing the impact of long-term exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants on COVID-19 spatial spread and related mortality in 107 Italian provinces.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Living at High Altitude and COVID-19 Mortality in Peru.High altitude medicine & biology · 2022Article
- Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 at high altitude: a cohort of 5161 patients in Bogotá, Colombia.International journal of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Comparison of cytokines levels among COVID-19 patients living at sea level and high altitude.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Reproducibility of Research During COVID-19: Examining the Case of Population Density and the Basic Reproductive Rate from the Perspective of Spatial Analysis.Geographical analysis · 2021Article
- Effect of altitude on COVID-19 mortality in Ecuador: an ecological study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Inherited/Genetically-Associated Pheochromocytoma/ Paraganglioma Syndromes and COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic, sparing few regions. However, limited reports suggest differing infection and death rates across geographic areas including populations that reside at higher elevations (HE). We aimed to determine if COVID-19 infection, death, and case mortality rates differed in higher versus low elevation (LE) U.S. counties.
methodsUsing publicly available geographic and COVID-19 data, we calculated per capita infection and death rates and case mortality in population density matched HE and LE U.S. counties. We also performed population-scale regression analysis to investigate the association between county elevation and COVID-19 infection rates.
findingsPopulation density matching of LA (< 914m, n = 58) and HE (>2133m, n = 58) counties yielded significantly lower COVID-19 cases at HE versus LE (615 versus 905, p = 0.034). HE per capita deaths were significantly lower than LE (9.4 versus 19.5, p = 0.017). However, case mortality did not differ between HE and LE (1.78% versus 1.46%, p = 0.27). Regression analysis, adjusted for relevant covariates, demonstrated decreased COVID-19 infection rates by 12.82%, 12.01%, and 11.72% per 495m of county centroid elevation, for cases recorded over the previous 30, 90, and 120 days, respectively.
conclusionsThis population-adjusted, controlled analysis suggests that higher elevation attenuates infection and death. Ongoing work from our group aims to identify the environmental, biological, and social factors of residence at HE that impact infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of COVID-19 in an effort to harness these mechanisms for future public health and/or treatment interventions.
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