ReviewJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2021
Understanding the brain uptake and permeability of small molecules through the BBB: A technical overview.
Review in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytochemicals in Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Management: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, Translational Challenges, and Emerging Research Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multicompartment Drug Monitoring Reveals Paired Brain-Liver Kinetics and Selective Central Nervous System Barrier Permeability in Rats.ACS sensors · 2026Article
- The research of subdural effusion collection complicating cerebral revascularization following ventriculoperitoneal shunting in adults with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: A retrospective case series.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Acute peripheral versus central inhibition of insulin receptors differentially alters cytokine and blood-brain barrier responses to an inflammatory stimulus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Brain neurovascular unit in response to intra- and extra-central nervous system cancers: implications, mechanisms, and challenges.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Functionalized albumin nanoparticles: A multifunctional platform for enhanced brain drug delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Complex Interactions and Implications for Neurological Health.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Multidimensional in silico evaluation of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals: integrating pharmacokinetics, ADMET, and clustering for diagnostic stratification.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2025Article
- Discovery of a Small Molecule TREM2 Agonist with Improved In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Profile and Validated Target Engagement.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Repeated naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal alters blood brain barrier and blood spinal cord barrier integrity in mice.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Targeting the RAGE-RIPK1 binding site attenuates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Ramalin Derivatives as Multi-Target Agents for Alzheimer's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Skeleton keys and Trojan horses: a review of therapeutic delivery to the brain.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Brain endothelial permeability, transport, and flow assessed over 10 orders of magnitude using the in situ brain perfusion technique.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Polysaccharides fromHeliyon · 2024Article
- Investigating the Potential of Essential Oils fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Current Insights of Nanocarrier-Mediated Gene Therapeutics to Treat Potential Impairment of Amyloid Beta Protein and Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labelled tetrazines as pre-targeting imaging agents for PET.EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2024Article
- Not open and shut: Complex and prolonged blood-brain barrier responses after stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The brain is the most important organ in our body requiring its unique microenvironment. By the virtue of its function, the blood-brain barrier poses a significant hurdle in drug delivery for the treatment of neurological diseases. There are also different theories regarding how molecules are typically effluxed from the brain. In this review, we comprehensively discuss how the different pharmacokinetic techniques used for measuring brain uptake/permeability of small molecules have evolved with time. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with these different techniques as well as the importance to utilize the right method to properly assess CNS exposure to drug molecules. Even though very strong advances have been made we still have a long way to go to ensure a reduction in failures in central nervous system drug development programs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.