ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2021
Mitigation Policies and COVID-19-Associated Mortality - 37 European Countries, January 23-June 30, 2020.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systems analysis of the effects of the 2014-16 Ebola crisis on WHO-reporting nations' policy adaptations and 2020-21 COVID-19 response: a systematized review.Globalization and health · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing population-level changes in human behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Loss and Grief Among Bereaved Family Members During COVID-19 in Brazil: A Grounded Theory Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates in countries with different income levels: a panel analysis.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing Behaviors to Reduce the Spread of COVID-19 Among Indigenous Families in the Southwest, United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Relatives' grief at three moments after death of a loved one during COVID-19 pandemic (the CO-LIVE study).Death studies · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Lockdowns and Video Game Playtime: Multilevel Time-Series Analysis Using Massive-Scale Data Telemetry.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Impacts of a COVID-19 Educational Video: Evaluation of the Influence of Race, Gender, Political Affiliation, Study Major, and Age on Vaccine Acceptance among University Students.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Epidemiology during Delta Variant Dominance Period in 45 High-Income Countries, 2020-2021.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Effects of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.AJPM focus · 2023Review
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions in the State of Georgia: Economic implications.Ethics, medicine, and public health · 2023Article
- Nonpharmaceutical Interventions in Georgia: Public Health Implications.Southern medical journal · 2023Article
- The influence of a quick educational video intervention on COVID-19-related knowledge in Ecuador.PloS one · 2023Article
- Drivers of COVID-19 policy stringency in 175 countries and territories: COVID-19 cases and deaths, gross domestic products per capita, and health expenditures.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Knowledge of Teenagers and Young Adults about COVID-19 and Compliance with Social Distancing Guidelines.Southern medical journal · 2022Article
- What matters the most in curbing early COVID-19 mortality? A cross-country necessary condition analysis.Public administration · 2022Article
- Police referrals for domestic abuse before and during the first COVID-19 lockdown: An analysis of routine data from one specialist service in South Wales.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Performance of Antigen Detection Tests for SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Impacts of COVID-19 on Distance Education with the Application of Traditional and Digital Appliances: Evidence from 60 Developing Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Spatio-Temporal Evolution Using Deep Learning at a European Level.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As cases and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Europe rose sharply in late March, most European countries implemented strict mitigation policies, including closure of nonessential businesses and mandatory stay-at-home orders. These policies were largely successful at curbing transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 (1), but they came with social and economic costs, including increases in unemployment, interrupted education, social isolation, and related psychosocial outcomes (2,3). A better understanding of when and how these policies were effective is needed. Using data from 37 European countries, the impact of the timing of these mitigation policies on mortality from COVID-19 was evaluated. Linear regression was used to assess the association between policy stringency at an early time point and cumulative mortality per 100,000 persons on June 30. Implementation of policies earlier in the course of the outbreak was associated with lower COVID-19-associated mortality during the subsequent months. An increase by one standard deviation in policy stringency at an early timepoint was associated with 12.5 cumulative fewer deaths per 100,000 on June 30. Countries that implemented stringent policies earlier might have saved several thousand lives relative to those countries that implemented similar policies, but later. Earlier implementation of mitigation policies, even by just a few weeks, might be an important strategy to reduce the number of deaths from COVID-19.
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