Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33443219›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Molecular mechanism of the repressive phase of the mammalian circadian clock.

Xuemei Cao, Yanyan Yang, Christopher P Selby, Zhenxing Liu, Aziz Sancar

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
104citing papers in PubMed
8.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

104 citing papers in PubMed, 176 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  5. NADAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Impact of E-Cigarette Use on Circadian Proteins and Cardiovascular Risk Markers.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Post-Translational Modifications in Animal Circadian Clocks.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  12. A daily cycle of White Collar Complex dephosphorylation sustains circadian rhythmicity inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  13. AProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. The sleep-wake history contributes to rhythmic BMAL1 chromatin binding in the cerebral cortex but not in the liver.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xuemei CaoDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260.ORCID 0000-0001-5504-5554
Yanyan YangDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260.ORCID 0000-0001-9943-4279
Christopher P SelbyDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260.ORCID 0000-0003-2633-989X
Zhenxing LiuDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260.ORCID 0000-0001-8236-1931
Aziz SancarDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260 aziz_sancar@med.unc.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-6469-4900
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

UNC-CH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SUSCEPTIBILITYP30ES010126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Melissa A. Troester · 2001 to 2026
$36.3M
Molecular Mechanism of Mammalian DNA Excision Repair, DNA Damage Checkpoints and the Circadian ClockR35GM118102 · NIGMS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI AZIZ SANCAR · 2016 to 2026
$10.6M
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES010126NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM118102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mammalian circadian clock consists of a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL) composed of CLOCK-BMAL1 transcriptional activators and CRY-PER transcriptional repressors. Previous work showed that CRY inhibits CLOCK-BMAL1-activated transcription by a "blocking"-type mechanism and that CRY-PER inhibits CLOCK-BMAL1 by a "displacement"-type mechanism. While the mechanism of CRY-mediated repression was explained by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, the CRY-PER-mediated repression in vivo seemed in conflict with the in vitro data demonstrating PER removes CRY from the CLOCK-BMAL1-E-box complex. Here, we show that CRY-PER participates in the displacement-type repression by recruiting CK1δ to the nucleus and mediating an increased local concentration of CK1δ at CLOCK-BMAL1-bound promoters/enhancers and thus promoting the phosphorylation of CLOCK and dissociation of CLOCK-BMAL1 along with CRY from the E-box. Our findings bring clarity to the role of PER in the dynamic nature of the repressive phase of the TTFL.

Indexed as

AnimalsARNTL Transcription FactorsCell LineCell NucleusCircadian ClocksCircadian RhythmCLOCK ProteinsCryptochromesGene ExpressionGene Expression RegulationHumansMammalsPeriod Circadian ProteinsPhosphorylationPromoter Regions, GeneticTrans-ActivatorsARNTL Transcription FactorsCLOCK ProteinsCryptochromesPeriod Circadian ProteinsTrans-Activatorscasein kinasecircadian clockcryptochromeDNA binding proteinsperiod

Identifiers

PMID33443219
PMCPMC7812753
OpenAlexW3117183245

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.