Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33442838›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2021

Recent Improvements in Marathon Run Times Are Likely Technological, Not Physiological.

Borja Muniz-Pardos, Shaun Sutehall, Konstantinos Angeloudis, Fergus M Guppy, Andrew Bosch, Yannis Pitsiladis

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Borja Muniz-PardosGENUD Research Group, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Shaun SutehallDivision of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Konstantinos AngeloudisCollaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK.
Fergus M GuppySchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-9169
Andrew BoschDivision of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Yannis PitsiladisCollaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK. y.pitsiladis@brighton.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-2449

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Every women's and men's world records from 5 km to the marathon has been broken since the introduction of carbon fibre plate (CFP) shoes in 2016. This step-wise increase in performance coincides with recent advancements in shoe technology that increase the elastic properties of the shoe thereby reducing the energy cost of running. The latest CFP shoes are acknowledged to increase running economy by more than 4%, corresponding to a greater than 2% improvement in performance/run time. The recently modified rules governing competition shoes for elite athletes, announced by World Athletics, that includes sole thickness must not exceed 40 mm and must not contain more than one rigid embedded plate, appear contrary to the true essence and credibility of sport as access to this performance-defining technology becomes the primary differentiator of sporting performance in elite athletes. This is a particular problem in sports such as athletics where the primary sponsor of the athlete is very often a footwear manufacturing company. The postponement of the 2020 Summer Olympics provides a unique opportunity for reflection by the world of sport and time to commission an independent review to evaluate the impact of technology on the integrity of sporting competition. A potential solution to solve this issue can involve the reduction of the stack height of a shoe to 20 mm. This simple and practical solution would prevent shoe technology from having too large an impact on the energy cost of running and, therefore, determining the performance outcome.

Indexed as

Marathon RunningRunningAthletesBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleHumansMaleShoesTechnology

Identifiers

PMID33442838
PMCPMC7805427

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.