Trial reportJNCI cancer spectrum2021
Outcomes of Hormone-Receptor Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancers by Race and Tumor Biological Features.
Trial report in JNCI cancer spectrum, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sociodemographic Disparities in First-Line Treatment and Outcome Patterns in Women with HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Observational
- Impact of Ethnic Differences and HER2 Protein Expression on the Age at Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Mixed Methods Study.Cancer management and research · 2026Article
- A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Reproductive determinants of mammographic density in black women.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Differences in 21-Gene and PAM50 Recurrence Scores in Younger and Black Women With Breast Cancer.JCO precision oncology · 2024Article
- Differential response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for Black/African American and White women in NCDB.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Area Deprivation Index in Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: Associations with Tumor Characteristics and Outcomes.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Survival Disparities in US Black Compared to White Women with Hormone Receptor Positive-HER2 Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Parabens Increases Mammary Cancer Growth and Metastasis in Mice.Endocrinology · 2023Article
- Insulin resistance and racial disparities in breast cancer prognosis: a multi-center cohort study.Endocrine-related cancer · 2022Article
- Race, ethnicity, and clinical outcomes in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-), node negative breast cancer in the randomized TAILORx trial: gaps in biologic and social determinants of health.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Disparities in Time to Treatment for Breast Cancer: Existing Knowledge and Future Directions in the COVID-19 Era.Current breast cancer reports · 2022Review
- Adherence to Endocrine Therapy and Racial Outcome Disparities in Breast Cancer.The oncologist · 2021Review
- Breast cancer: The good, the bad, and an important call to effective risk reduction strategies.CA: a cancer journal for cliniciansArticle
- From Race to Racism and Disparities to Equity: An Actionable Biopsychosocial Approach to Breast Cancer Outcomes.Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Black women have higher hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer mortality than White women. Early recurrence rates differ by race, but little is known about genomic predictors of early recurrence among HR+ women. Methods: Using data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (phase III, 2008-2013), we estimated associations between race and recurrence among nonmetastatic HR+/HER2-negative tumors, overall and by PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score, PAM50 intrinsic subtype, and tumor grade using survival curves and Cox models standardized for age and stage. Relative frequency differences (RFD) were estimated using multivariable linear regression. To assess intervention opportunities, we evaluated treatment patterns by race among patients with high-risk disease. Results: Black women had higher recurrence risk relative to White women (crude hazard ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34 to 2.46), which remained elevated after standardizing for clinical covariates (hazard ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.93). Racial disparities were most pronounced among those with high PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score (5-year standardized recurrence risk = 18.9%, 95% CI = 8.6% to 29.1% in Black women vs 12.5%, 95% CI = 2.0% to 23.0% in White women) and high grade (5-year standardized recurrence risk = 16.6%, 95% CI = 11.7% to 21.5% in Black women vs 12.0%, 95% CI = 7.3% to 16.7% in White women). However, Black women with high-grade tumors were statistically significantly less likely to initiate endocrine therapy (RFD = -8.3%, 95% CI = -15.9% to -0.6%) and experienced treatment delay more often than White women (RFD = +9.0%, 95% CI = 0.3% to 17.8%). Conclusions: Differences in recurrence by race appear greatest among women with aggressive tumors and may be influenced by treatment differences. Efforts to identify causes of variation in cancer treatment are critical to reducing outcome disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.