Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33442538›Full record

ReviewLiver cancer2020

Recent Advances in Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Aging Society: 2020 Update.

Masatoshi Kudo

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Liver cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Masatoshi KudoDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has changed markedly since the introduction of the molecular targeted agent sorafenib in 2007. Sorafenib increased the available treatment options for patients with extrahepatic spread and vascular invasion and improved survival in patients with advanced HCC; however, various shortcomings such as low response rates and relatively high toxicity (e.g., hand-foot skin reaction) prompted concerted efforts aimed at developing new molecular targeted agents to provide more treatment options and second-line agents for patients with disease progression or intolerance to sorafenib. Despite many attempts to develop new drugs between 2007 and 2016, all first-line and second-line clinical trials conducted during this period failed. However, between 2017 and 2019, 4 drugs (lenvatinib as a first-line agent and regorafenib, cabozantinib, and ramucirumab as second-line agents) emerged in quick succession from clinical trials and became available for clinical use. In addition, nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved as second-line agents after sorafenib. A recent phase III trial (IMbrave150) showed that combination immunotherapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab increases overall survival compared with sorafenib therapy; Food and Drug Agency already approved this combination therapy, and worldwide approval is expected soon. This review describes the recent advances in systemic therapy and the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, and cabozantinib), monoclonal antibodies (ramucirumab and bevacizumab), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) in elderly patients and the similarity of their efficacy and safety profiles to those in the general population.

Indexed as

Combination immunotherapyElderly patientsHepatocellular carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMolecular targeted drugs

Identifiers

PMID33442538
PMCPMC7768150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.