ReviewJournal of Cancer2021
Autophagy-mediated tumor cell survival and progression of breast cancer metastasis to the brain.
Review in Journal of Cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Re-expression of MHC-I to treat CNS cancers.Oncotarget · 2026Review
- Programmed cell death and metastatic evolution in breast cancer: the role of anoikis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Multiomics analysis and prognostic modeling reveal the molecular features and potential therapeutic targets of breast cancer brain metastasis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- BRSK2 plays a role in autophagy and cancer cell growth and survival under nutrient deprivation stress via the PIK3C3 pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- CD2-CD58 axis orchestrates cytotoxic T lymphocyte function and metabolic crosstalk in breast cancer brain metastasis.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2025Article
- Autophagy: A challengeable paradox in cancer treatment.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Insight into Oncogenic Viral Pathways as Drivers of Viral Cancers: Implication for Effective Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Advances in mitophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related drugs in glioblastoma treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Resveratrol in breast cancer treatment: from cellular effects to molecular mechanisms of action.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Possible role of autophagy induced by COVID-19 in cancer progression, chemo-resistance, and tumor recurrence.Infectious agents and cancer · 2022Article
- Repurposing autophagy regulators in brain tumors.International journal of cancer · 2022Review
- Novel Effects of Statins on Cancer via Autophagy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Brain metastases: It takes two factors for a primary cancer to metastasize to brain.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Expression of Autophagy Markers Beclin1 and LC3B in Prostatic Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Case-Control Study.Iranian journal of pathology · 2022Article
- Autophagy-Related Proteins Are Differentially Expressed in Adrenal Cortical Tumor/Pheochromocytoma and Associated with Patient Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Dysregulation of lncRNA-CCRR contributes to brain metastasis of breast cancer by intercellular coupling via regulating connexin 43 expression.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Restricting Glutamine Uptake Enhances NSCLC Sensitivity to Third-Generation EGFR-TKI Almonertinib.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastases represent a substantial amount of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer (BC). Metastatic breast tumor cells committed to brain metastases are unique because they escape immune surveillance, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and also adapt to the brain tissue microenvironment (TME) for colonization and outgrowth. In addition, dynamic intracellular interactions between metastatic cancer cells and neighboring astrocytes in the brain are thought to play essential roles in brain tumor progression. A better understanding of the above mechanisms will lead to developing more effective therapies for brain metastases. Growing literature suggests autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway involved in cellular homeostasis under stressful conditions, plays essential roles in breast tumor metastatic transformation and brain metastases. Cancer cells must adapt under various microenvironmental stresses, such as hypoxia, and nutrient (glucose) deprivation, in order to survive and progress. Clinical studies reveal that tumoral expression of autophagy-related proteins is higher in brain metastasis compared to primary breast tumors. In this review, we outline the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy-mediated BC cell survival and metastasis to the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.