ArticleScientific reports2021
Implicit Theory of Mind under realistic social circumstances measured with mobile eye-tracking.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Implicit Mentalizing in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- A Verbal Behavior Analysis of Theory of Mind: Conceptual and Applied Implications.Perspectives on behavior science · 2026Article
- Linguistic Markers of Theory of Mind in Spontaneous Speech: A Narrative Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Influences of heart rate feedback and autistic traits on affective mindreading.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Characterization of implicit and explicit mind-reading in children with autism based on eye movements.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Spontaneous theory of mind in autism: are anticipatory gaze and reaction time biases consistent?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Effects of emotional content on social inhibition of gaze in live social and non-social situations.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Patterns of multiple brain network activation in dot perspective task.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cognitive and Emotional Determinants of Automatic Perspective Taking in Healthy Adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, there has been a debate whether implicit Theory of Mind can be reliably measured using anticipatory looking tasks. Previous anticipatory looking paradigms used video stimuli to measure implicit Theory of Mind; however, numerous replications of these paradigms were unsuccessful. This lack of replications may be due to video stimuli not being sufficiently engaging. As Theory of Mind is an inherently social phenomenon, robust evidence might only be observed in a real social situation. Therefore, the current preregistered study aimed to test anticipatory looking with real-life social stimuli. A mobile eye-tracker was used to measure gaze patterns indicative of Theory of Mind while participants observed a real-life interaction of an experimenter and a confederate. The realistic scenario did not provide clear evidence for implicit Theory of Mind. Furthermore, anticipatory looking behavior did not reliably occur during familiarization trials, in line with previous research. However, looking patterns were slightly more in line with belief tracking than in some more controlled studies using video stimuli. In general, implicit Theory of Mind was not reliably reflected in anticipatory looking patterns even if they were measured in realistic social situations. This questions the suitability of anticipatory looking measures for implicit Theory of Mind.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.