Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33441876›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

The predictive value of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 for kidney failure and 30-day mortality after elective cardiac surgery.

Kevin Esmeijer, Abraham Schoe, L Renee Ruhaak, Ellen K Hoogeveen, Darius Soonawala, Fred P H T M Romijn, Maryam R Shirzada, Jaap T van Dissel, Christa M Cobbaert, Johan W de Fijter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Article
  5. Water intake mediates cross-sectional associations between urinary kidney injury biomarkers and race in emerging adults.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2026
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  13. Implementation and One-Year Evaluation of Proenkephalin A in Critical Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kevin EsmeijerDepartment of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (Building 1, C7-Q), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands. k.esmeijer@lumc.nl.
Abraham SchoeDepartment of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
L Renee RuhaakDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Ellen K HoogeveenDepartment of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (Building 1, C7-Q), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Darius SoonawalaDepartment of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (Building 1, C7-Q), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Fred P H T M RomijnDepartment of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Maryam R ShirzadaDepartment of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (Building 1, C7-Q), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Jaap T van DisselDepartment of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Christa M CobbaertDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Johan W de FijterDepartment of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center (Building 1, C7-Q), Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and mortality. However, predicting AKI with currently available markers remains problematic. We assessed the predictive value of urinary tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) regarding the need for RRT, and 30-day mortality, in elective cardiac surgery patients. In 344 elective cardiac surgery patients, we measured urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 and serum creatinine at baseline and directly after surgery. Discrimination of both urinary biomarkers was assessed by the C-statistic. Model improvement for each biomarker when added to a basic model containing serum creatinine and duration of surgery was tested by the net-reclassification index (cf-NRI) and integrated discrimination index (IDI). At baseline, mean age was 66 years and 67% were men. Of all patients, 22 required RRT following surgery. IGFBP7 pre- and post-surgery and change in TIMP-2 during surgery predicted RRT with a C-statistic of about 0.80. However, a simple model including baseline serum creatinine and duration of surgery had a C-statistic of 0.92, which was improved to 0.93 upon addition of post-surgery TIMP-2 or IGFBP7, with statistically significant cf-NRIs but non-significant IDIs. Post-surgery TIMP-2 and IGFBP predicted 30-day mortality, with C-statistics of 0.74 and 0.80. In conclusion, in elective cardiac surgery patients, pre- and peri-operative clinical variables were highly discriminating about which patients required RRT after surgery. Nonetheless, in elective cardiac surgery patients, urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 improved prediction of RRT and 30-day mortality post-surgery.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryAgedBiomarkersCardiac Surgical ProceduresFemaleHumansInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsMalePredictive Value of TestsRenal Replacement TherapyRisk FactorsTissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2Biomarkersinsulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsTIMP2 protein, humanTissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2

Identifiers

PMID33441876
PMCPMC7806984

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.