ArticleScientific reports2021
Tick saliva-induced programmed death-1 and PD-ligand 1 and its related host immunosuppression.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tick saliva reprograms macrophages into immunosuppressive hubs that regulate T-cell immunity in Rhipicephalus microplus infestation.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Human epidermal Langerhans cells induce tolerance and hamper T cell function upon tick-borne pathogen transmission.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ticks' tricks: immunomodulatory effects of ixodid tick saliva at the cutaneous tick-host interface.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cross-alteration of murine skin and tick microbiome concomitant with pathogen transmission after Ixodes ricinus bite.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Universal Tick Vaccines: Candidates and Remaining Challenges.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Tick feeding modulates the human skin immune landscape to facilitate tick-borne pathogen transmission.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Proteomic profiling of plasma-derived small extracellular vesicles: a novel tool for understanding the systemic effects of tick burden in cattle.Journal of animal science · 2022Article
- Phosphoproteomic Analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus microplus is a harmful parasite of cattle that causes considerable economic losses to the cattle breeding industry. Although R. microplus saliva (Rm-saliva) contains several immunosuppressants, any association between Rm-saliva and the expression of immunoinhibitory molecules, such as programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has not been described. In this study, flow cytometric analyses revealed that Rm-saliva upregulated PD-1 expression in T cells and PD-L1 expression in CD14
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.