ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2021
Hypothalamic-Extended Amygdala Circuit Regulates Temporal Discounting.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural circuits regulating activity-based anorexia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Energy state guides reward seeking via an extended amygdala to lateral hypothalamus pathway.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Subthreshold activation of the melanocortin system causes generalized sensitization to anorectic agents in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- What influences food choices in anorexia nervosa? Disentangling cognitive and emotional components of decision-making by translational research.Neuroscience applied · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Choice behavior is characterized by temporal discounting, i.e., preference for immediate rewards given a choice between immediate and delayed rewards. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) regulate food intake and energy homeostasis, yet whether AgRP neurons influence choice behavior and temporal discounting is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that motivational state potently modulates temporal discounting. Hungry mice (both male and female) strongly preferred immediate food rewards, yet sated mice were largely indifferent to reward delay. More importantly, selective optogenetic activation of AgRP-expressing neurons or their axon terminals within the posterior bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) produced temporal discounting in sated mice. Furthermore, activation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) type 1 receptors (Y1Rs) within the BNST is sufficient to produce temporal discounting. These results demonstrate a profound influence of hypothalamic signaling on temporal discounting for food rewards and reveal a novel circuit that determine choice behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.