Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33441418›Full record

Trial reportBMJ open diabetes research & care2021

One-year intensive lifestyle intervention and improvements in health-related quality of life and mental health in persons with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the U-TURN randomized controlled trial.

Christopher Scott MacDonald, Sabrina M Nielsen, Jakob Bjørner, Mette Y Johansen, Robin Christensen, Allan Vaag, Daniel E Lieberman, Bente Klarlund Pedersen, Henning Langberg, Mathias Ried-Larsen and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02417012 (Does Intensive Life Style Intervention Reduce the Need for Glucose Lowering Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? The U-TURN Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02417012 nacompletednot on this map

Does Intensive Life Style Intervention Reduce the Need for Glucose Lowering Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? The U-TURN Project

TypeinterventionalSponsorRigshospitalet, DenmarkRan2015 to 2017Enrolled97ConditionsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ArmsU-TURN, Standard care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. The effect of a community-based health behaviour intervention on health-related quality of life in people with Type 2 diabetes in Nepal: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Review
  10. Physical activity, and improvement in health-related quality of life among Australian middle-aged and older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. IntroducingNutrients · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Christopher Scott MacDonaldThe Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark chmd@sund.ku.dk.ORCID 0000-0003-3726-9081
Sabrina M NielsenMusculoskeletal Statistics Unit, Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jakob BjørnerNational Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mette Y JohansenThe Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Robin ChristensenMusculoskeletal Statistics Unit, Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Allan VaagSteno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
Daniel E LiebermanDepartment of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Bente Klarlund PedersenThe Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Henning LangbergDepartment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mathias Ried-LarsenThe Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Julie MidtgaardDepartment of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-2381-2127

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe effects of lifestyle interventions in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and subjective well-being are ambiguous, and no studies have explored the effect of exercise interventions that meet or exceed current recommended exercise levels. We investigated whether a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention is superior in improving HRQoL compared with standard care in T2D persons. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe performed secondary analyses of a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (April 2015 to August 2016). Persons with non-insulin-dependent T2D (duration ≤10 years) were randomized to 1-year supervised exercise and individualized dietary counseling (ie, 'U-TURN'), or standard care. The primary HRQoL outcome was change in the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component score (PCS) from baseline to 12 months of follow-up, and a key secondary outcome was changes in the SF-36 mental component score (MCS).

resultsWe included 98 participants (U-TURN group=64, standard care group=34) with a mean age of 54.6 years (SD 8.9). Between-group analyses at 12-month follow-up showed SF-36 PCS change of 0.8 (95% CI -0.7 to 2.3) in the U-TURN group and deterioration of 2.4 (95% CI -4.6 to -0.1) in the standard care group (difference of 3.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 5.9, p=0.02) while no changes were detected in SF-36 MCS. At 12 months, 19 participants (30%) in the U-TURN group and 6 participants (18%) in the standard care group achieved clinically significant improvement in SF-36 PCS score (adjusted risk ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.5 corresponding to number needed to treat of 4, 95% CI 1.6 to infinite).

conclusionIn persons with T2D diagnosed for less than 10 years, intensive lifestyle intervention improved the physical component of HRQoL, but not the mental component of HRQoL after 1 year, compared with standard care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02417012.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Quality of LifeExerciseHumansLife StyleMental HealthMiddle Ageddiabetes mellitusexerciselife stylequality of lifetype 2

Identifiers

PMID33441418
PMCPMC7812095

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.