ArticleBMJ open2021
Association of community types and features in a case-control analysis of new onset type 2 diabetes across a diverse geography in Pennsylvania.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine Learning Models to Evaluate County-Level Incidence of Diagnosed Diabetes and Sociodemographic Factors.American journal of medicine open · 2026Article
- The intersection of place and health: examining the association of social determinants of health and diabetes in children and adolescents in Florida.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Basic needs navigation intervention to address multidimensional adversity in African Americans with diabetic kidney disease: A pilot randomized clinical trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Community profiles in northeastern and central Pennsylvania characterized by distinct social, natural, food, and physical activity environments and their relation to type 2 diabetes.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Community credit scores and community socioeconomic deprivation in association with type 2 diabetes across an urban to rural spectrum in Pennsylvania: a case-control study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Age and sex differences in the association between neighborhood socioeconomic environment and incident diabetes: Results from the diabetes location, environmental attributes and disparities (LEAD) network.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of opioid use disorder using electronic health records: Beyond diagnostic codes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Assessing the association between food environment and dietary inflammation by community type: a cross-sectional REGARDS study.International journal of health geographics · 2023Article
- Mediation of an association between neighborhood socioeconomic environment and type 2 diabetes through the leisure-time physical activity environment in an analysis of three independent samples.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Health education in the management of chronic diseases among the elderly in the community with the assistance of a Mask R-CNN model.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Use and Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Interventions.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Urban and rural differences in new onset type 2 diabetes: Comparisons across national and regional samples in the diabetes LEAD network.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Urban-Rural Differences in Health Care Utilization and COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Neighborhood Socioeconomic Environment and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Associations and Mediation Through Food Environment Pathways in Three Independent Study Samples.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- The association between neighborhood social and economic environment and prevalent diabetes in urban and rural communities: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Article
- Exercise Adherence and Compliance and Its Related Factors Among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Association of community socioeconomic deprivation with evidence of reduced kidney function at time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis.SSM - population health · 2021Article
- Proximity to freshwater blue space and type 2 diabetes onset: the importance of historical and economic context.Landscape and urban planning · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate associations of community types and features with new onset type 2 diabetes in diverse communities. Understanding the location and scale of geographic disparities can lead to community-level interventions.
designNested case-control study within the open dynamic cohort of health system patients.
settingLarge, integrated health system in 37 counties in central and northeastern Pennsylvania, USA. PARTICIPANTS AND ANALYSIS: We used electronic health records to identify persons with new-onset type 2 diabetes from 2008 to 2016 (n=15 888). Persons with diabetes were age, sex and year matched (1:5) to persons without diabetes (n=79 435). We used generalised estimating equations to control for individual-level confounding variables, accounting for clustering of persons within communities. Communities were defined as (1) townships, boroughs and city census tracts; (2) urbanised area (large metro), urban cluster (small cities and towns) and rural; (3) combination of the first two; and (4) county. Community socioeconomic deprivation and greenness were evaluated alone and in models stratified by community types.
resultsBorough and city census tract residence (vs townships) were associated (OR (95% CI)) with higher odds of type 2 diabetes (1.10 (1.04 to 1.16) and 1.34 (1.25 to 1.44), respectively). Urbanised areas (vs rural) also had increased odds of type 2 diabetes (1.14 (1.08 to 1.21)). In the combined definition, the strongest associations (vs townships in rural areas) were city census tracts in urban clusters (1.41 (1.22 to 1.62)) and city census tracts in urbanised areas (1.33 (1.22 to 1.45)). Higher community socioeconomic deprivation and lower greenness were each associated with increased odds.
conclusionsUrban residence was associated with higher odds of type 2 diabetes than for other areas. Higher community socioeconomic deprivation in city census tracts and lower greenness in all community types were also associated with type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.