ArticleJournal of virology2021
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs dampen the cytokine and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Journal of virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Leidos-Enabled Adaptive Protocol for Clinical Trials (LEAP-CT) to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Drug Combinations in COVID-19 Patients
The Effects of Daily Anti-inflammatory Supplementation on Foundation Pain Index Scores in Chronic Opiate Patients
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of NSAID use among people with COVID-19 and the association with COVID-19-related outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- NSAIDs and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Drug safety · 2021Pooled it
- Dendrobium officinale aqueous extract influences the immune response following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Safety with Bioequivalence of Ibuprofen Sustained-Release Capsules of Two Formulations, in Chinese Healthy Volunteers: Bioequivalence Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Trial
- Serological response after COVID-19 mRNA-1273 booster dose in immunocompromised patients, Taiwan, July to August 2021.Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi · 2022Trial
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Knowledge-driven interpretable neural networks provide mechanistic insight.Genome research · 2026Article
- Effects of gut barrier dysfunction during a viral respiratory disease challenge on immune function of feedlot beef calves.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Effects of Modifying Supportive Care Medications in Combination Therapy with Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab, and Taxane Anticancer Drugs.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A cautionary tale: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and localized provoked vulvodynia.The journal of pain · 2025Article
- Endocannabinoid Tone and Oxylipins in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis-A Novel Target for the Treatment of Pain and Inflammation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ketoprofen Lysine Salt Versus Corticosteroids in Early Outpatient Management of Mild and Moderate COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Management of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Polish Association of Epidemiologists and Infectiologists, for 2025.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- A Mutant of Africa Swine Fever Virus Protein p72 Enhances Antibody Production and Regulates the Production of Cytokines.Viruses · 2025Article
- Pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as dual COX-2/ACE2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, and anti-inflammatory evaluation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- The role of innate immune responses against two strains of PEDV (S INDEL and non-S INDEL) in newborn and weaned piglets inoculated by combined orogastric and intranasal routes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Intranasal liposomal angiotensin-(1-7) administration reduces inflammation and viral load in the lungs during SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Exploring IL-6 Signaling and Cytokine-Microbiome Interactions as Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of sEH inhibition on the eicosanoid and cytokine storms in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Special Issue "Latest Research in Post-COVID (Long COVID): Pathological and Treatment Studies of Sequelae and Complications".Biomedicines · 2024Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Identifying drugs that regulate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its symptoms has been a pressing area of investigation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are frequently used for the relief of pain and inflammation, could modulate both SARS-CoV-2 infection and the host response to the virus. NSAIDs inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which mediate the production of prostaglandins (PGs). As PGs play diverse biological roles in homeostasis and inflammatory responses, inhibiting PG production with NSAIDs could affect COVID-19 pathogenesis in multiple ways, including: (1) altering susceptibility to infection by modifying expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2; (2) regulating replication of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells; and (3) modulating the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we investigate these potential roles. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates COX-2 in diverse human cell culture and mouse systems. However, suppression of COX-2 by two commonly used NSAIDs, ibuprofen and meloxicam, had no effect on
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.