Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33441184›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and health2021

High prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and transgender women in Papua New Guinea.

Barne Willie, Avi J Hakim, Steven G Badman, Damian Weikum, Rebecca Narokobi, Kelsey Coy, Josephine Gabuzzi, Simon Pekon, Samson Gene, Angelyn Amos and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Barne WilliePapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Avi J HakimUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Steven G BadmanKirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Damian WeikumUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Rebecca NarokobiPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Kelsey CoyUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
Josephine GabuzziPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Simon PekonPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Samson GenePapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Angelyn AmosPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Martha KupulPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Parker HouPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Nick M DalaPapua New Guinea National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
David M WhileyCentre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Johanna WaplingPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
John M KaldorKirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Andrew J VallelyPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea.
Angela Kelly-HankuPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, 441 EHP, Papua New Guinea. a.kelly@unsw.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-2954

Funding

Center for Disease Control and Prevention 01531GH15
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPapua New Guinea (PNG) has a tuberculosis (TB) case notification rate of 333 cases per 100,000 population in 2016 and is one of the 14 countries classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "high-burden" for TB, multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), and TB/HIV. HIV epidemic is mixed with a higher prevalence among key populations, female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW).

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional HIV biobehavioral survey (BBS) using respondent-driven sampling method among FSW, MSM, and TGW in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen (2016-2017). As part of the study, participants were screened for the four symptoms suggestive of TB infection using the WHO TB screening algorithm. Sputum and venous whole blood samples were collected and tested for pulmonary TB and HIV infection, respectively. Pulmonary TB testing was performed using GeneXpert®MTB/RIF molecular point-of-care test, and HIV testing was done following the PNG national HIV testing algorithm. All data discussed are weighted unless otherwise mentioned.

resultsAmong FSW, 72.6%, 52.0%, and 52.9% in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Among MSM and TGW, 69% and 52.6% in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively, experienced at least one symptom suggestive of TB infection. Based on GeneXpert®MTB/RIF results, the estimated TB prevalence rate among FSW was 1200, 700, and 200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby, Lae, and Mt. Hagen, respectively. Among MSM and TGW, the estimated TB prevalence rate was 1000 and 1200 per 100,000 in Port Moresby and Lae, respectively. Co-prevalence of TB/HIV among FSW was 0.1% in Port Moresby and 0.2% in Lae. There were no co-prevalent cases among FSW in Mt. Hagen or among MSM and TGW in Port Moresby and Lae.

conclusionsKey populations have a higher estimated rate of pulmonary TB than the national rate of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB combined. This showed that screening key populations for TB should be integrated into HIV programs regardless of HIV status in PNG's national TB response.

Indexed as

Female sex workersHIVMen who have sex with menTransgender womenTuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID33441184
PMCPMC7805114

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.