Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33440798›Full record

ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Efficient Detection of Knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning Approach.

Mazhar Javed Awan, Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim, Naomie Salim, Mazin Abed Mohammed, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain, Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Federated knee injury diagnosis using few shot learning.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mazhar Javed AwanSchool of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0003-3535-8005
Mohd Shafry Mohd RahimSchool of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia.
Naomie SalimSchool of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor 81310, Malaysia.
Mazin Abed MohammedCollege of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Anbar, 11, Ramadi, Anbar 31001, Iraq.
Begonya Garcia-ZapiraineVIDA Lab, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9356-1186
Karrar Hameed AbdulkareemCollege of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah 66001, Iraq.ORCID 0000-0001-7302-2049

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The most commonly injured ligament in the human body is an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). ACL injury is standard among the football, basketball and soccer players. The study aims to detect anterior cruciate ligament injury in an early stage via efficient and thorough automatic magnetic resonance imaging without involving radiologists, through a deep learning method. The proposed approach in this paper used a customized 14 layers ResNet-14 architecture of convolutional neural network (CNN) with six different directions by using class balancing and data augmentation. The performance was evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1 score of our customized ResNet-14 deep learning architecture with hybrid class balancing and real-time data augmentation after 5-fold cross-validation, with results of 0.920%, 0.916%, 0.946%, 0.916% and 0.923%, respectively. For our proposed ResNet-14 CNN the average area under curves (AUCs) for healthy tear, partial tear and fully ruptured tear had results of 0.980%, 0.970%, and 0.999%, respectively. The proposing diagnostic results indicated that our model could be used to detect automatically and evaluate ACL injuries in athletes using the proposed deep-learning approach.

Indexed as

anterior cruciate ligamentartificial intelligenceaugmentationclassificationconvolutional neural networkdetectionhealthcareknee injuryMRIresidual network

Identifiers

PMID33440798
PMCPMC7826961

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.