ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
A Safe GDNF and GDNF/BDNF Controlled Delivery System Improves Migration in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Survival in Retinal Ganglion Cells: Potential Usefulness in Degenerative Retinal Pathologies.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of quality, reliability, and interactive characteristics of age-related macular degeneration short videos on TikTok: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gene-Agnostic Therapeutic Strategies for Inherited Retinal Diseases: Neuroprotection and Immunomodulation.Genes · 2026Review
- Advances in retinal pigment epithelium transplantation for age-related macular degeneration: bridging biology to therapeutic frontiers.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Nanosponge-integrated hydrogel ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Targeting neurotrophic dysregulation in diabetic retinopathy: a novel therapeutic avenue.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Multi-loaded PLGA microspheres as neuroretinal therapy in a chronic glaucoma animal model.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Enhancing Retinal Resilience: The Neuroprotective Promise of BDNF in Diabetic Retinopathy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The role of RGC degeneration in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Biodegradable microspheres come into sight: A promising biomaterial for delivering drug to the posterior segment of the eyeball.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Injectable neural hydrogel asRegenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2023Article
- Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulate the interaction between astrocytes and Schwann cells at the trigeminal root entry zone.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Intraocular nano-microscale drug delivery systems for glaucoma treatment: design strategies and recent progress.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Sustained release glaucoma therapies: Novel modalities for overcoming key treatment barriers associated with topical medications.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Mimicking chronic glaucoma over 6 months with a single intracameral injection of dexamethasone/fibronectin-loaded PLGA microspheres.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and age-related cataract.Molecular vision · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We assessed the sustained delivery effect of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)/vitamin E (VitE) microspheres (MSs) loaded with glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) alone (GDNF-MSs) or combined with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; GDNF/BDNF-MSs) on migration of the human adult retinal pigment epithelial cell-line-19 (ARPE-19) cells, primate choroidal endothelial (RF/6A) cells, and the survival of isolated mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The morphology of the MSs, particle size, and encapsulation efficiencies of the active substances were evaluated. In vitro release, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) deoxyuridine dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) apoptosis, functional wound healing migration (ARPE-19; migration), and (RF/6A; angiogenesis) assays were conducted. The safety of MS intravitreal injection was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin, neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunolabeling, and TUNEL assays, and RGC in vitro survival was analyzed. MSs delivered GDNF and co-delivered GDNF/BDNF in a sustained manner over 77 days. The BDNF/GDNF combination increased RPE cell migration, whereas no effect was observed on RF/6A. MSs did not alter cell viability, apoptosis was absent in vitro, and RGCs survived in vitro for seven weeks. In mice, retinal toxicity and apoptosis was absent in histologic sections. This delivery strategy could be useful as a potential co-therapy in retinal degenerations and glaucoma, in line with future personalized long-term intravitreal treatment as different amounts (doses) of microparticles can be administered according to patients' needs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.