ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Antioxidant Defenses in the Human Eye: A Focus on Metallothioneins.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early proteomic and metabolic signatures of liver and eye in OAT-deficient mice.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Atlas of Human Trabecular Meshwork Uncovers the Cellular Landscape and Provides Insights into Glaucoma Pathophysiology.Research square · 2026Article
- Beneficial Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Eye Health: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metal ions in aging and ocular diseases: biology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.npj aging · 2026Review
- Zinc and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with a Narrative Synthesis of Their Bidirectional Relationship and Clinical Perspectives for Personalized Nutritional Support.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Zinc in eye health, retinal biology and disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Nanozyme eye drops for retinal barrier penetration and vasculopathy repair.Science advances · 2025Article
- Targeting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: JP4-039's Potential as a Cardiovascular Therapeutic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Selenium Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stability and In Vitro Evaluation in Human Lens Epithelial Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- The Role of Nutraceuticals in Age-Related Ocular Diseases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- From Pathophysiology to Innovative Therapies in Eye Diseases: A Brief Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antioxidant Molecules in the Human Vitreous Body During Prenatal Eye Development.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Retinal Gatekeepers: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Role of Cysteine and Selenocysteine.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The role of microglia in the development of diabetic retinopathy and its potential clinical application.Human cell · 2025Review
- L-shaped association between oxidative balance score and vision-related functional burden in adults in the United States, NHANES 2005-2008.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Photobiomodulation in ocular therapy: current status and future perspectives.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Iron, Copper, and Zinc Homeostasis in the Battle between Macrophage andCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Selected Trace Elements and Their Impact on Redox Homeostasis in Eye Health.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Effect of hydrogen peroxide on lens transparency, intracellular pH, gap junction coupling, hydrostatic pressure and membrane water permeability.Experimental eye research · 2024Article
- Metallothionein: A Comprehensive Review of Its Classification, Structure, Biological Functions, and Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human eye, the highly specialized organ of vision, is greatly influenced by oxidants of endogenous and exogenous origin. Oxidative stress affects all structures of the human eye with special emphasis on the ocular surface, the lens, the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, which are considered natural barriers of antioxidant protection, contributing to the onset and/or progression of eye diseases. These ocular structures contain a complex antioxidant defense system slightly different along the eye depending on cell tissue. In addition to widely studied enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxins and selenoproteins, inter alia, metallothioneins (MTs) are considered antioxidant proteins of growing interest with further cell-mediated functions. This family of cysteine rich and low molecular mass proteins captures and neutralizes free radicals in a redox-dependent mechanism involving zinc binding and release. The state of the art of MTs, including the isoforms classification, the main functions described to date, the Zn-MT redox cycle as antioxidant defense system, and the antioxidant activity of Zn-MTs in the ocular surface, lens, retina and its retinal pigment epithelium, dependent on the number of occupied zinc-binding sites, will be comprehensively reviewed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.