ArticleClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology2021
Allergen labelling: Current practice and improvement from a communication perspective.
Article in Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent Advances in Food Allergens and Emerging Biosensing Technologies.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Managing Food Allergies in Dining Establishments: Challenges and Innovative Solutions.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Challenge of Precautionary Allergen Labeling for Ensuring the Safety of Children With Food Allergies.Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Article
- Accidental allergic reactions to food in adolescents and adults: An overview of the factors involved and implications for prevention.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Article
- Allergen management under a voluntary PAL regulatory framework - A survey of Canadian food processors.Heliyon · 2022Article
- A portable electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for β-lactoglobulin detection.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Low dietary adherence after a positive food challenge in food allergic adults.Clinical and translational allergy · 2022Article
- Poor understanding of allergen labelling by allergic and non-allergic consumers.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAllergen information on product labels is crucial in food allergy management, though inadequacy in current labelling practices is one of the major causes for accidental reactions upon consuming prepacked food products.
objectiveThis study analyses current status of communicating allergen information on food labels and provides practical recommendations for improving the label format based on communication theory.
methodsProduct labels (N 288) of seven food categories from private label products and brands were obtained at three retailers in the Netherlands. Information regarding the 14 EU-regulated allergens was evaluated by the frequency of emphasizing allergens in the ingredient list, use of precautionary allergen labelling (PAL), icons and an allergen information section. Effectiveness of communication was assessed evaluating readability and findability of information on allergens using principles of Gestalt and Cognitive Load theories.
resultsAs requested by EU regulation 1169/2011, emphasizing allergens in the ingredient list was almost 100%, all other presentations of information on allergens on labels was highly diverse. A separate allergen information section was present on most private label products. This section could, but not necessarily did, repeat allergens from the ingredient list and/or give a PAL. Brands often provided a PAL at the end of the ingredient list. Part of the products displayed an icon at different locations of the label. Label background, a lack of cohesion and variation in location of topics hamper the identification of relevant information on allergens by (allergic) consumers. Recommendations include a standardized order for mandatory and voluntary topics on the label and a separate allergen information section. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Overall, consumers encounter a wide and inconsistent range in ways of presentation of allergen information on labels. Standardization according to basic design principles can improve usability and support safe food purchases for allergic consumers.
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