ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Bacterial dormancy: A subpopulation of viable but non-culturable cells demonstrates better fitness for revival.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial Survival, Sublethal Injury, and Recovery in Frozen Food Systems: Implications for Safety, Quality Deterioration, and Cold-Chain Control.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
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- The sleeping bacterium: shedding light on the resuscitation mechanism.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2026Article
- Post-Inoculation Drying and Storage Effects on HAB Viability and Nutrient Retention in Biochar.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence applications in biofilm research: computational approaches for biofilm analysis and antimicrobial prediction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Dormancy in Non-Spore-Forming Bacteria: A Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The response to desiccation inVirulence · 2025Article
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- Investigation of co-existing bacteria in platelets by employing long-term culturomics and metagenomics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Mini review: Persister cell control strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Viable but non-cultivable state in oral microbiota: a critical review of an underexplored microbial survival strategy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- An Analysis of Longan Honey from Taiwan and Thailand Using Flow Cytometry and Physicochemical Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanism and application of emerging technologies in study of bacterial persisters.BMC microbiology · 2024Review
- Metabolic modelling as a powerful tool to identify critical components of Pneumocystis growth medium.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Resuscitation of viable but nonculturable bacteria promoted by ATP-mediated NADJournal of advanced research · 2024Article
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- Counter-on-chip for bacterial cell quantification, growth, and live-dead estimations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Modified in-vitro AATCC-100 procedure to measure viable bacteria from wound dressings.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The viable but non culturable (VBNC) state is a condition in which bacterial cells are viable and metabolically active, but resistant to cultivation using a routine growth medium. We investigated the ability of V. parahaemolyticus to form VBNC cells, and to subsequently become resuscitated. The ability to control VBNC cell formation in the laboratory allowed us to selectively isolate VBNC cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting, and to differentiate subpopulations based on their metabolic activity, cell shape and the ability to cause disease in Galleria mellonella. Our results showed that two subpopulations (P1 and P2) of V. parahaemolyticus VBNC cells exist and can remain dormant in the VBNC state for long periods. VBNC subpopulation P2, had a better fitness for survival under stressful conditions and showed 100% revival under favourable conditions. Proteomic analysis of these subpopulations (at two different time points: 12 days (T12) and 50 days (T50) post VBNC) revealed that the proteome of P2 was more similar to that of the starting microcosm culture (T0) than the proteome of P1. Proteins that were significantly up or down-regulated between the different VBNC populations were identified and differentially regulated proteins were assigned into 23 functional groups, the majority being assigned to metabolism functional categories. A lactate dehydrogenase (lldD) protein, responsible for converting lactate to pyruvate, was significantly upregulated in all subpopulations of VBNC cells. Deletion of the lactate dehydrogenase (RIMD2210633:ΔlldD) gene caused cells to enter the VBNC state significantly more quickly compared to the wild-type, and adding lactate to VBNC cells aided their resuscitation and extended the resuscitation window. Addition of pyruvate to the RIMD2210633:ΔlldD strain restored the wild-type VBNC formation profile. This study suggests that lactate dehydrogenase may play a role in regulating the VBNC state.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.