SynthesisLearning & behavior2021
Learning in Cnidaria: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Learning & behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic investigation of agonistic behaviors of boxer shrimps (Stenopus species): insights into the potential neural signaling roles of dopamine and acetylcholine.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Safety in numbers? Evidence of non-social behaviour in the moon jellyfish Aurelia spp.Animal cognition · 2025Article
- Article
- Sea anemones (Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- On being a Hydra with, and without, a nervous system: what do neurons add?Animal cognition · 2023Review
- What is it like to be a choanoflagellate? Sensation, processing and behavior in the closest unicellular relatives of animals.Animal cognition · 2023Review
- Transitions in cognitive evolution.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Why it hurts: with freedom comes the biological need for pain.Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Associative learning in the cnidarianProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Learning in Cnidaria: a summary.Communicative & integrative biology · 2023Article
- Minding the gut: extending embodied cognition and perception to the gut complex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- When should we ascribe sentience to animals? A commentary on "Hermit crabs, shells and sentience" (Elwood 2022).Animal cognition · 2022Review
- Neuroecology beyond the brain: learning in Echinodermata.Learning & behavior · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using the database Web of Science, a systematic search for literature on learning in Cnidaria, both non-associative and associative, was conducted. Cnidaria comprise hydras, box jellies, (true) jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones, a group of animals possessing diffuse networks of nerves known as nerve nets or neural nets. Being neighbors on the animal evolutionary tree to bilaterian animals, the vast collection of (mostly) bilaterally symmetric animals with brains ranging from tiny worms to giant whales, the cognitive capacities of Cnidaria inform the evolution of nervous systems and cognition in bilateria. I failed to find literature on learning in corals and box jellies. Habituation has been amply shown in hydras, jellyfish, and sea anemones, while sensitization has been studied in detail in sea anemones, including some neurobiological details in the release of nematocysts or poisoned darts for capturing prey. One well-controlled study found evidence for classical conditioning with shock in sea anemones, in addition to two other lesser-controlled demonstrations. The relevance of associative learning in sea anemones, embodied cognition, and representationsal issues when it comes to animals without central brains is discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.