ReviewThe AAPS journal2021
Iontophoresis to Overcome the Challenge of Nail Permeation: Considerations and Optimizations for Successful Ungual Drug Delivery.
Review in The AAPS journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Skin-Interfaced Therapeutic Patches for Wound Fluid Management and Transdermal Drug Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Nail tattooing: a novel and minimally invasive technique for enhancing drug penetration through the nail.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Lipid-based nanoformulations in onychomycosis therapy: addressing challenges of current therapies and advancing treatment.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Linalool-Incorporated Synergistically Engineered Modified Liposomal Nanocarriers for Enhanced Transungual Delivery of Terbinafine against Onychomycosis.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Design, Development, and Evaluation of Constant Voltage Iontophoresis for the Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Iontophoresis application for drug delivery in high resistivity membranes: nails and teeth.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Poly(pseudo)rotaxanes formed by mixed micelles and α-cyclodextrin enhance terbinafine nail permeation to deeper layers.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2022Article
- Quality by Design Guided Development of Polymeric Nanospheres of Terbinafine Hydrochloride for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis Using a Nano-Gel Formulation.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Constant Voltage Iontophoresis Technique to Deliver Terbinafine via Transungual Delivery System: Formulation Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design and In Vitro Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Iontophoresis is a widely used drug delivery technique that has been used clinically to improve permeation through the skin for drugs and other actives in topical formulations. It is however not commonly used for the treatment of nail diseases despite its potential to improve transungual nail delivery. Instead, treatments for nail diseases are limited to relatively ineffective topical passive permeation techniques, which often result in relapses of nail diseases due to the thickness and hardness of the nail barrier resulting in lower permeation of the actives. Oral systemic antifungal agents that are also used are often associated with various undesirable side effects resulting in low patient compliance. This review article discusses what is currently known about the field of transungual iontophoresis, providing evidence of its efficacy and practicality in delivering drug to the entire surface of the nail for extended treatment periods. It also includes relevant details about the nail structure, the mechanisms of iontophoresis, and the associated in vitro and in vivo studies which have been used to investigate the optimal characteristics for a transungual iontophoretic drug delivery system. Iontophoresis is undoubtedly a promising option to treat nail diseases, and the use of this technique for clinical use will likely improve patient outcomes.Graphical abstract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.