ArticleEuropean radiology2021
High-resolution MRI demonstrates signal abnormalities of the 3rd cranial nerve in giant cell arteritis patients with 3rd cranial nerve impairment.
Article in European radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validity of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging in detecting giant cell arteritis: a meta-analysis.European radiology · 2022Pooled it
- Orbital MRI for diagnosing giant cell arteritis in cases of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.RMD open · 2026Article
- Review
- Vessel wall MRI in giant cell arteritis: standardized protocol and scoring approach developed by an international working group.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Reproducibility and accuracy of vessel wall MRI in diagnosing giant cell arteritis: a study with readers of varying expertise.European radiology · 2024Article
- Frequency of visual involvement in a 10-year interdisciplinary cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2023Article
- Intraorbital findings in giant cell arteritis on black blood MRI.European radiology · 2023Article
- Giant-cell arteritis related strokes: scoping review of mechanisms and rethinking treatment strategy?Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Simultaneous Unilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy and Contralateral Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy as the Presenting Signs of Giant Cell Arteritis.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2023Article
- Temporal Artery Vascular Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Imaging Tests in the Early Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of high-resolution (HR) MRI for detecting signal abnormalities of cranial nerves (CN) in giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients presenting with diplopia.
methodsThis IRB-approved retrospective single-center study included GCA patients who underwent 3-T HR MRI from December 2014 to January 2020. Two radiologists, blinded to all data, individually assessed for the presence of enhancement of the 3rd, 4th, and/or 6th CN on post-contrast HR imaging and high signal intensity on HR T2-WI, for signal abnormalities of extraocular muscles and the brainstem, and for inflammatory changes of the ophthalmic and extracranial arteries. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare patients with or without diplopia.
resultsIn total, 64 patients (42/64 (66%) women and 22/64 (34%) men, mean age 76.3 ± 8 years) were included. Of the 64 patients, 14 (21.9%) presented with diplopia. Third CN enhancement was detected in 7/8 (87.5%) patients with 3rd CN impairment, as compared to no patients with 4th or 6th CN impairment or to patients without diplopia (p < 0.001). Third CN abnormal high signal intensity on HR T2-WI was detected in 4/5 patients (80%) with 3rd CN impairment versus none of other patients (p < 0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for detecting 3rd CN signal abnormalities were of 0.88, 1, 1, and 0.99 and 0.8, 1, 1, and 0.98 for post-contrast HR imaging and HR T2-WI, respectively.
conclusionsHR MRI had excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when detecting signal abnormalities of the 3rd CN in GCA patients presenting with 3rd CN impairment. KEY POINTS: • Third cranial nerve enhancement was detected in all patients with 3rd cranial nerve impairment except for one with transient diplopia. • The "check mark sign" might be useful to identify 3rd cranial nerve signal abnormalities in the orbital apex. • No signal abnormalities of the 4th or 6th cranial nerves could be detected on high-resolution MRI.
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