ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2021
The development of mature gait patterns in children during walking and running.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal gait parameters and ground reaction force analysis in female non-gymnastsFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Load-carrying biomechanics in children: programed exercise enhances postural resilience and reduces plantar pressure under backpack load.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Examining muscle synergy composition and segmental coordination during overground walking in individuals with a rotationplasty about the knee.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The running gait analysis technology: A comprehensive systematic literature review.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Review
- Kinematic and dynamic analysis of walking dynamic balance stability in children with spastic cerebral palsy diplegia.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- 3D gait analysis in children using wearable sensors: feasibility of predicting joint kinematics and kinetics with personalized machine learning models and inertial measurement units.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis as a Potential Risk Factor for Idiopathic Toe-Walking in Children: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Which Factors Influence Running Gait in Children and Adolescents? A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2023Review
- Development of running is not related to time since onset of independent walking, a longitudinal case study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Test of Gross Motor Development-3: Item Difficulty and Item Differential Functioning by Gender and Age with Rasch Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Gait Parameters in Healthy Preschool and School Children Assessed Using Wireless Inertial Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Neuromuscular Control before and after Independent Walking Onset in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Development of the Relationships Among Dynamic Balance Control, Inter-limb Coordination, and Torso Coordination During Gait in Children Aged 3-10 Years.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Muscle Synergies in Children Walking and Running on a Treadmill.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe sought to identify the developing maturity of walking and running in young children. We assessed gait patterns for the presence of flight and double support phases complemented by mechanical energetics. The corresponding classification outcomes were contrasted via a shotgun approach involving several potentially informative gait characteristics. A subsequent clustering turned out very effective to classify the degree of gait maturity.
methodsParticipants (22 typically developing children aged 2-9 years and 7 young, healthy adults) walked/ran on a treadmill at comfortable speeds. We determined double support and flight phases and the relationship between potential and kinetic energy oscillations of the center-of-mass. Based on the literature, we further incorporated a total of 93 gait characteristics (including the above-mentioned ones) and employed multivariate statistics comprising principal component analysis for data compression and hierarchical clustering for classification.
resultsWhile the ability to run including a flight phase increased with age, the flight phase did not reach 20% of the gait cycle. It seems that children use a walk-run-strategy when learning to run. Yet, the correlation strength between potential and kinetic energies saturated and so did the amount of recovered mechanical energy. Clustering the set of gait characteristics allowed for classifying gait in more detail. This defines a metric for maturity in terms of deviations from adult gait, which disagrees with chronological age.
conclusionsThe degree of gait maturity estimated statistically using various gait characteristics does not always relate directly to the chronological age of the child.
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