ReviewImmunogenetics2021
Immunoglobulins in teleosts.
Review in Immunogenetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Construction and Immunological Evaluation of a Bivalent DNA Vaccine TargetingAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Dietary curcumin supplementation impacts on growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune response of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- EngineeredFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Divergent selection, recombination variability, and noncoding introgression drive speciation and adaptation in threadfin Eleutheronema.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Newly discovered and conserved role of IgM against viral infection in an early vertebrate.eLife · 2025Article
- Rationally designed self-assembled peptide nanofibers provoke robust humoral immunity against nervous necrosis virus.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Allergies to Allergens from Cats and Dogs: A Review and Update on Sources, Pathogenesis, and Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Duration of Protection and Humoral Immune Response in Nile Tilapia (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Lunar-linked biological rhythms in the immune system of freshwater three-spined stickleback.Discovery immunology · 2024Article
- Interwoven processes in fish development: microbial community succession and immune maturation.PeerJ · 2024Review
- Fishing Innate Immune System Properties through the Transcriptomic Single-Cell Data ofBiology · 2023Review
- Monoclonal antibody generated against Nile tilapia (Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2023Article
- The Distribution of IgT mRNAAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Multi-Organ Nutrigenomic Effects of Dietary Grapes in a Mouse Model.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Histomorphological Changes in Fish Gut in Response to Prebiotics and Probiotics Treatment to Improve Their Health Status: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Red blood cells in proliferative kidney disease-rainbow trout (Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Expression analysis of Igs and mucosal immune responses upon SVCV infection in common carp (Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2022Article
- Response of immunoglobulin M in gut mucosal immunity of common carp (Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins which are produced as membrane-bound receptors on B-cells or in a secreted form, known as antibodies. In teleosts, three immunoglobulin isotypes, IgM, IgT, and IgD, are present, each comprising two identical heavy and two identical light polypeptide chains. The basic mechanisms for generation of immunoglobulin diversity are similar in teleosts and higher vertebrates. The B-cell pre-immune repertoire is diversified by VDJ recombination, junctional flexibility, addition of nucleotides, and combinatorial association of light and heavy chains, while the post-immune repertoire undergoes somatic hypermutation during clonal expansion. Typically, the teleost immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex has a modified translocon arrangement where the Dτ-Jτ-Cτ cluster of IgT is generally located between the variable heavy chain (VH) region and the Dμ/δ-Jμ/δ-Cμ-Cδ gene segments, or within the set of VH gene segments. However, multiple genome duplication and deletion events and loss of some individual genes through evolution has complicated the IgH gene organization. The IgH gene arrangement allows the expression of either IgT or IgM/IgD. Alternative splicing is responsible for the regulation of IgM/IgD expression and the secreted versus transmembrane forms of IgT, IgD, and IgM. The overall structure of IgM and IgT is usually conserved across species, whereas IgD has a large variety of structures. IgM is the main effector molecule in both systemic and mucosal immunity and shows a broad range of concentrations in different teleost species. Although IgM is usually present in higher concentrations under normal conditions, IgT is considered the main mucosal Ig.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.