ArticleHealth education research2021
Testing risk and protective factor assumptions in the Icelandic model of adolescent substance use prevention.
Article in Health education research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Substance Use Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review.Current psychiatry reports · 2022Pooled it
- Engagement in alcohol-free activities, community-level economic disadvantage, and heavy drinking following alcohol treatment.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Trial
- The association between family environment and underage drinking in Ireland.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- An examination of substance use trends among adolescents receiving mental health treatment in Ontario.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Whole Person Recovery from Substance Use Disorder: A Call for Research Examining a Dynamic Behavioral Ecological Model of Contexts Supportive of Recovery.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Adolescent binge drinking in the West of Ireland: associated risk and protective factors.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Substance Use and Mental Health in Portuguese Higher Education Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preliminary impact of the adoption of the Icelandic Prevention Model in Tarragona City, 2015-2019: A repeated cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Risk and Resilience Pathways, Community Adversity, Decision-making, and Alcohol Use Among Appalachian Adolescents: Protocol for the Longitudinal Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Environmental Prevention: Why Do We Need It Now and How to Advance It?Journal of prevention (2022) · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Iceland has witnessed a dramatic decline in adolescent substance use that may be partly the result of efforts related to the Icelandic prevention model (IPM). We sought to test risk and protective factor assumptions of the IPM using a prospective cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow-up. Participants were students in grades 8 and 9 in the national Icelandic school system enrolled in the spring of 2018 and 2019 (N=2165). Participants self-reported their experiences of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use and seven risk and protective factors. Analyses were conducted with generalized linear modeling with extension to general estimating equations with correlated outcomes data. Both individual main-effects models and collective models including all main-effects were tested. Out of 28 individual main-effects models, 23 produced findings consistent with study premises (P<0.05). Multiple main-effects models largely sustained the findings of the individual main-effects models. Findings support the assumption that the risk and protective factors commonly emphasized in the IPM are associated with the four different substance use outcomes in the hypothesized direction. Communities that plan to implement the IPM among adolescents might consider these factors in their work.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.